Epidemiology of Nosema spp. and the effect of indoor and outdoor wintering on honey bee colony population and survival in the Canadian Prairies.

The epidemiology of Nosema spp. in honey bees, Apis mellifera, may be affected by winter conditions as cold temperatures and differing wintering methods (indoor and outdoor) provide varying levels of temperature stress and defecation flight opportunities. Across the Canadian Prairies, including Albe...

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Autores principales:	Rosanna N Punko, Robert W Currie, Medhat E Nasr, Shelley E Hoover
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5a6b3c1229ec4f70b578badc1f36ffe5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5a6b3c1229ec4f70b578badc1f36ffe52021-12-02T20:16:35ZEpidemiology of Nosema spp. and the effect of indoor and outdoor wintering on honey bee colony population and survival in the Canadian Prairies.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0258801https://doaj.org/article/5a6b3c1229ec4f70b578badc1f36ffe52021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258801https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The epidemiology of Nosema spp. in honey bees, Apis mellifera, may be affected by winter conditions as cold temperatures and differing wintering methods (indoor and outdoor) provide varying levels of temperature stress and defecation flight opportunities. Across the Canadian Prairies, including Alberta, the length and severity of winter vary among geographic locations. This study investigates the seasonal pattern of Nosema abundance in two Alberta locations using indoor and outdoor wintering methods and its impact on bee population, survival, and commercial viability. This study found that N. ceranae had a distinct seasonal pattern in Alberta, with high spore abundance in spring, declining to low levels in the summer and fall. The results showed that fall Nosema monitoring might not be the best indicator of treatment needs or future colony health outcomes. There was no clear pattern for differences in N. ceranae abundance by location or wintering method. However, wintering method affected survival with colonies wintered indoors having lower mortality and more rapid spring population build-up than outdoor-wintered colonies. The results suggest that the existing Nosema threshold should be reinvestigated with wintering method in mind to provide more favorable outcomes for beekeepers. Average Nosema abundance in the spring was a significant predictor of end-of-study winter colony mortality, highlighting the importance of spring Nosema monitoring and treatments.Rosanna N PunkoRobert W CurrieMedhat E NasrShelley E HooverPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0258801 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Rosanna N Punko Robert W Currie Medhat E Nasr Shelley E Hoover Epidemiology of Nosema spp. and the effect of indoor and outdoor wintering on honey bee colony population and survival in the Canadian Prairies.
description	The epidemiology of Nosema spp. in honey bees, Apis mellifera, may be affected by winter conditions as cold temperatures and differing wintering methods (indoor and outdoor) provide varying levels of temperature stress and defecation flight opportunities. Across the Canadian Prairies, including Alberta, the length and severity of winter vary among geographic locations. This study investigates the seasonal pattern of Nosema abundance in two Alberta locations using indoor and outdoor wintering methods and its impact on bee population, survival, and commercial viability. This study found that N. ceranae had a distinct seasonal pattern in Alberta, with high spore abundance in spring, declining to low levels in the summer and fall. The results showed that fall Nosema monitoring might not be the best indicator of treatment needs or future colony health outcomes. There was no clear pattern for differences in N. ceranae abundance by location or wintering method. However, wintering method affected survival with colonies wintered indoors having lower mortality and more rapid spring population build-up than outdoor-wintered colonies. The results suggest that the existing Nosema threshold should be reinvestigated with wintering method in mind to provide more favorable outcomes for beekeepers. Average Nosema abundance in the spring was a significant predictor of end-of-study winter colony mortality, highlighting the importance of spring Nosema monitoring and treatments.
format	article
author	Rosanna N Punko Robert W Currie Medhat E Nasr Shelley E Hoover
author_facet	Rosanna N Punko Robert W Currie Medhat E Nasr Shelley E Hoover
author_sort	Rosanna N Punko
title	Epidemiology of Nosema spp. and the effect of indoor and outdoor wintering on honey bee colony population and survival in the Canadian Prairies.
title_short	Epidemiology of Nosema spp. and the effect of indoor and outdoor wintering on honey bee colony population and survival in the Canadian Prairies.
title_full	Epidemiology of Nosema spp. and the effect of indoor and outdoor wintering on honey bee colony population and survival in the Canadian Prairies.
title_fullStr	Epidemiology of Nosema spp. and the effect of indoor and outdoor wintering on honey bee colony population and survival in the Canadian Prairies.
title_full_unstemmed	Epidemiology of Nosema spp. and the effect of indoor and outdoor wintering on honey bee colony population and survival in the Canadian Prairies.
title_sort	epidemiology of nosema spp. and the effect of indoor and outdoor wintering on honey bee colony population and survival in the canadian prairies.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5a6b3c1229ec4f70b578badc1f36ffe5
work_keys_str_mv	AT rosannanpunko epidemiologyofnosemasppandtheeffectofindoorandoutdoorwinteringonhoneybeecolonypopulationandsurvivalinthecanadianprairies AT robertwcurrie epidemiologyofnosemasppandtheeffectofindoorandoutdoorwinteringonhoneybeecolonypopulationandsurvivalinthecanadianprairies AT medhatenasr epidemiologyofnosemasppandtheeffectofindoorandoutdoorwinteringonhoneybeecolonypopulationandsurvivalinthecanadianprairies AT shelleyehoover epidemiologyofnosemasppandtheeffectofindoorandoutdoorwinteringonhoneybeecolonypopulationandsurvivalinthecanadianprairies
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Epidemiology of Nosema spp. and the effect of indoor and outdoor wintering on honey bee colony population and survival in the Canadian Prairies.

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