Pandemic H1N1 influenza isolated from free-ranging Northern Elephant Seals in 2010 off the central California coast.

Interspecies transmission of influenza A is an important factor in the evolution and ecology of influenza viruses. Marine mammals are in contact with a number of influenza reservoirs, including aquatic birds and humans, and this may facilitate transmission among avian and mammalian hosts. Virus isol...

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Autores principales:	Tracey Goldstein, Ignacio Mena, Simon J Anthony, Rafael Medina, Patrick W Robinson, Denise J Greig, Daniel P Costa, W Ian Lipkin, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Walter M Boyce
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5a7bc98e0e9a4cf4b90edc2dfc027b4f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5a7bc98e0e9a4cf4b90edc2dfc027b4f2021-11-18T07:45:43ZPandemic H1N1 influenza isolated from free-ranging Northern Elephant Seals in 2010 off the central California coast.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0062259https://doaj.org/article/5a7bc98e0e9a4cf4b90edc2dfc027b4f2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23690933/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Interspecies transmission of influenza A is an important factor in the evolution and ecology of influenza viruses. Marine mammals are in contact with a number of influenza reservoirs, including aquatic birds and humans, and this may facilitate transmission among avian and mammalian hosts. Virus isolation, whole genome sequencing, and hemagluttination inhibition assay confirmed that exposure to pandemic H1N1 influenza virus occurred among free-ranging Northern Elephant Seals (Mirounga angustirostris) in 2010. Nasal swabs were collected from 42 adult female seals in April 2010, just after the animals had returned to the central California coast from their short post-breeding migration in the northeast Pacific. Swabs from two seals tested positive by RT-PCR for the matrix gene, and virus was isolated from each by inoculation into embryonic chicken eggs. Whole genome sequencing revealed greater than 99% homology with A/California/04/2009 (H1N1) that emerged in humans from swine in 2009. Analysis of more than 300 serum samples showed that samples collected early in 2010 (n = 100) were negative and by April animals began to test positive for antibodies against the pH1N1 virus (HI titer of ≥1∶40), supporting the molecular findings. In vitro characterizations studies revealed that viral replication was indistinguishable from that of reference strains of pH1N1 in canine kidney cells, but replication was inefficient in human epithelial respiratory cells, indicating these isolates may be elephant seal adapted viruses. Thus findings confirmed that exposure to pandemic H1N1 that was circulating in people in 2009 occurred among free-ranging Northern Elephant Seals in 2010 off the central California coast. This is the first report of pH1N1 (A/Elephant seal/California/1/2010) in any marine mammal and provides evidence for cross species transmission of influenza viruses in free-ranging wildlife and movement of influenza viruses between humans and wildlife.Tracey GoldsteinIgnacio MenaSimon J AnthonyRafael MedinaPatrick W RobinsonDenise J GreigDaniel P CostaDaniel P CostaW Ian LipkinAdolfo Garcia-SastreWalter M BoycePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 5, p e62259 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tracey Goldstein Ignacio Mena Simon J Anthony Rafael Medina Patrick W Robinson Denise J Greig Daniel P Costa Daniel P Costa W Ian Lipkin Adolfo Garcia-Sastre Walter M Boyce Pandemic H1N1 influenza isolated from free-ranging Northern Elephant Seals in 2010 off the central California coast.
description	Interspecies transmission of influenza A is an important factor in the evolution and ecology of influenza viruses. Marine mammals are in contact with a number of influenza reservoirs, including aquatic birds and humans, and this may facilitate transmission among avian and mammalian hosts. Virus isolation, whole genome sequencing, and hemagluttination inhibition assay confirmed that exposure to pandemic H1N1 influenza virus occurred among free-ranging Northern Elephant Seals (Mirounga angustirostris) in 2010. Nasal swabs were collected from 42 adult female seals in April 2010, just after the animals had returned to the central California coast from their short post-breeding migration in the northeast Pacific. Swabs from two seals tested positive by RT-PCR for the matrix gene, and virus was isolated from each by inoculation into embryonic chicken eggs. Whole genome sequencing revealed greater than 99% homology with A/California/04/2009 (H1N1) that emerged in humans from swine in 2009. Analysis of more than 300 serum samples showed that samples collected early in 2010 (n = 100) were negative and by April animals began to test positive for antibodies against the pH1N1 virus (HI titer of ≥1∶40), supporting the molecular findings. In vitro characterizations studies revealed that viral replication was indistinguishable from that of reference strains of pH1N1 in canine kidney cells, but replication was inefficient in human epithelial respiratory cells, indicating these isolates may be elephant seal adapted viruses. Thus findings confirmed that exposure to pandemic H1N1 that was circulating in people in 2009 occurred among free-ranging Northern Elephant Seals in 2010 off the central California coast. This is the first report of pH1N1 (A/Elephant seal/California/1/2010) in any marine mammal and provides evidence for cross species transmission of influenza viruses in free-ranging wildlife and movement of influenza viruses between humans and wildlife.
format	article
author	Tracey Goldstein Ignacio Mena Simon J Anthony Rafael Medina Patrick W Robinson Denise J Greig Daniel P Costa Daniel P Costa W Ian Lipkin Adolfo Garcia-Sastre Walter M Boyce
author_facet	Tracey Goldstein Ignacio Mena Simon J Anthony Rafael Medina Patrick W Robinson Denise J Greig Daniel P Costa Daniel P Costa W Ian Lipkin Adolfo Garcia-Sastre Walter M Boyce
author_sort	Tracey Goldstein
title	Pandemic H1N1 influenza isolated from free-ranging Northern Elephant Seals in 2010 off the central California coast.
title_short	Pandemic H1N1 influenza isolated from free-ranging Northern Elephant Seals in 2010 off the central California coast.
title_full	Pandemic H1N1 influenza isolated from free-ranging Northern Elephant Seals in 2010 off the central California coast.
title_fullStr	Pandemic H1N1 influenza isolated from free-ranging Northern Elephant Seals in 2010 off the central California coast.
title_full_unstemmed	Pandemic H1N1 influenza isolated from free-ranging Northern Elephant Seals in 2010 off the central California coast.
title_sort	pandemic h1n1 influenza isolated from free-ranging northern elephant seals in 2010 off the central california coast.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/5a7bc98e0e9a4cf4b90edc2dfc027b4f
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Pandemic H1N1 influenza isolated from free-ranging Northern Elephant Seals in 2010 off the central California coast.

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