Natural Genetic Variation of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Xanthomonas campestris</named-content> pv. campestris Pathogenicity on <italic toggle="yes">Arabidopsis</italic> Revealed by Association and Reverse Genetics

ABSTRACT The pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the causal agent of black rot of Brassicaceae, manipulates the physiology and the innate immunity of its hosts. Association genetic and reverse-genetic analyses of a world panel of 45 X. campestris pv. campestris strains were u...

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Autores principales:	Endrick Guy, Anne Genissel, Ahmed Hajri, Matthieu Chabannes, Perrine David, Sébastien Carrere, Martine Lautier, Brice Roux, Tristan Boureau, Matthieu Arlat, Stéphane Poussier, Laurent D. Noël
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Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2013
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5a847eaa5d05475fb538c71d05a6efde
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5a847eaa5d05475fb538c71d05a6efde2021-11-15T15:40:05ZNatural Genetic Variation of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Xanthomonas campestris</named-content> pv. campestris Pathogenicity on <italic toggle="yes">Arabidopsis</italic> Revealed by Association and Reverse Genetics10.1128/mBio.00538-122150-7511https://doaj.org/article/5a847eaa5d05475fb538c71d05a6efde2013-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.00538-12https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT The pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the causal agent of black rot of Brassicaceae, manipulates the physiology and the innate immunity of its hosts. Association genetic and reverse-genetic analyses of a world panel of 45 X. campestris pv. campestris strains were used to gain understanding of the genetic basis of the bacterium’s pathogenicity to Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that the compositions of the minimal predicted type III secretome varied extensively, with 18 to 28 proteins per strain. There were clear differences in aggressiveness of those X. campestris pv. campestris strains on two Arabidopsis natural accessions. We identified 3 effector genes (xopAC, xopJ5, and xopAL2) and 67 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers that were associated with variations in disease symptoms. The nature and distribution of the AFLP markers remain to be determined, but we observed a low linkage disequilibrium level between predicted effectors and other significant markers, suggesting that additional genetic factors make a meaningful contribution to pathogenicity. Mutagenesis of type III effectors in X. campestris pv. campestris confirmed that xopAC functions as both a virulence and an avirulence gene in Arabidopsis and that xopAM functions as a second avirulence gene on plants of the Col-0 ecotype. However, we did not detect the effect of any other effector in the X. campestris pv. campestris 8004 strain, likely due to other genetic background effects. These results highlight the complex genetic basis of pathogenicity at the pathovar level and encourage us to challenge the agronomical relevance of some virulence determinants identified solely in model strains. IMPORTANCE The identification and understanding of the genetic determinants of bacterial virulence are essential to be able to design efficient protection strategies for infected plants. The recent availability of genomic resources for a limited number of pathogen isolates and host genotypes has strongly biased our research toward genotype-specific approaches. Indeed, these do not consider the natural variation in both pathogens and hosts, so their applied relevance should be challenged. In our study, we exploited the genetic diversity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the causal agent of black rot on Brassicaceae (e.g., cabbage), to mine for pathogenicity determinants. This work evidenced the contribution of known and unknown loci to pathogenicity relevant at the pathovar level and identified these virulence determinants as prime targets for breeding resistance to X. campestris pv. campestris in Brassicaceae.Endrick GuyAnne GenisselAhmed HajriMatthieu ChabannesPerrine DavidSébastien CarrereMartine LautierBrice RouxTristan BoureauMatthieu ArlatStéphane PoussierLaurent D. NoëlAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 4, Iss 3 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Endrick Guy Anne Genissel Ahmed Hajri Matthieu Chabannes Perrine David Sébastien Carrere Martine Lautier Brice Roux Tristan Boureau Matthieu Arlat Stéphane Poussier Laurent D. Noël Natural Genetic Variation of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Xanthomonas campestris</named-content> pv. campestris Pathogenicity on <italic toggle="yes">Arabidopsis</italic> Revealed by Association and Reverse Genetics
description	ABSTRACT The pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the causal agent of black rot of Brassicaceae, manipulates the physiology and the innate immunity of its hosts. Association genetic and reverse-genetic analyses of a world panel of 45 X. campestris pv. campestris strains were used to gain understanding of the genetic basis of the bacterium’s pathogenicity to Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that the compositions of the minimal predicted type III secretome varied extensively, with 18 to 28 proteins per strain. There were clear differences in aggressiveness of those X. campestris pv. campestris strains on two Arabidopsis natural accessions. We identified 3 effector genes (xopAC, xopJ5, and xopAL2) and 67 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers that were associated with variations in disease symptoms. The nature and distribution of the AFLP markers remain to be determined, but we observed a low linkage disequilibrium level between predicted effectors and other significant markers, suggesting that additional genetic factors make a meaningful contribution to pathogenicity. Mutagenesis of type III effectors in X. campestris pv. campestris confirmed that xopAC functions as both a virulence and an avirulence gene in Arabidopsis and that xopAM functions as a second avirulence gene on plants of the Col-0 ecotype. However, we did not detect the effect of any other effector in the X. campestris pv. campestris 8004 strain, likely due to other genetic background effects. These results highlight the complex genetic basis of pathogenicity at the pathovar level and encourage us to challenge the agronomical relevance of some virulence determinants identified solely in model strains. IMPORTANCE The identification and understanding of the genetic determinants of bacterial virulence are essential to be able to design efficient protection strategies for infected plants. The recent availability of genomic resources for a limited number of pathogen isolates and host genotypes has strongly biased our research toward genotype-specific approaches. Indeed, these do not consider the natural variation in both pathogens and hosts, so their applied relevance should be challenged. In our study, we exploited the genetic diversity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the causal agent of black rot on Brassicaceae (e.g., cabbage), to mine for pathogenicity determinants. This work evidenced the contribution of known and unknown loci to pathogenicity relevant at the pathovar level and identified these virulence determinants as prime targets for breeding resistance to X. campestris pv. campestris in Brassicaceae.
format	article
author	Endrick Guy Anne Genissel Ahmed Hajri Matthieu Chabannes Perrine David Sébastien Carrere Martine Lautier Brice Roux Tristan Boureau Matthieu Arlat Stéphane Poussier Laurent D. Noël
author_facet	Endrick Guy Anne Genissel Ahmed Hajri Matthieu Chabannes Perrine David Sébastien Carrere Martine Lautier Brice Roux Tristan Boureau Matthieu Arlat Stéphane Poussier Laurent D. Noël
author_sort	Endrick Guy
title	Natural Genetic Variation of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Xanthomonas campestris</named-content> pv. campestris Pathogenicity on <italic toggle="yes">Arabidopsis</italic> Revealed by Association and Reverse Genetics
title_short	Natural Genetic Variation of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Xanthomonas campestris</named-content> pv. campestris Pathogenicity on <italic toggle="yes">Arabidopsis</italic> Revealed by Association and Reverse Genetics
title_full	Natural Genetic Variation of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Xanthomonas campestris</named-content> pv. campestris Pathogenicity on <italic toggle="yes">Arabidopsis</italic> Revealed by Association and Reverse Genetics
title_fullStr	Natural Genetic Variation of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Xanthomonas campestris</named-content> pv. campestris Pathogenicity on <italic toggle="yes">Arabidopsis</italic> Revealed by Association and Reverse Genetics
title_full_unstemmed	Natural Genetic Variation of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Xanthomonas campestris</named-content> pv. campestris Pathogenicity on <italic toggle="yes">Arabidopsis</italic> Revealed by Association and Reverse Genetics
title_sort	natural genetic variation of <named-content content-type="genus-species">xanthomonas campestris</named-content> pv. campestris pathogenicity on <italic toggle="yes">arabidopsis</italic> revealed by association and reverse genetics
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/5a847eaa5d05475fb538c71d05a6efde
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Natural Genetic Variation of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Xanthomonas campestris</named-content> pv. campestris Pathogenicity on <italic toggle="yes">Arabidopsis</italic> Revealed by Association and Reverse Genetics

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