Toponym-assisted map georeferencing: Evaluating the use of toponyms for the digitization of map collections

A great deal of information is contained within archival maps—ranging from historic political boundaries, to mineral resources, to the locations of cultural landmarks. There are many ongoing efforts to preserve and digitize historic maps so that the information contained within them can be stored an...

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Autores principales:	Karim Bahgat, Dan Runfola
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5a86c5795c784c50a204d4abfdc2b992
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:5a86c5795c784c50a204d4abfdc2b992
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5a86c5795c784c50a204d4abfdc2b9922021-11-25T06:19:35ZToponym-assisted map georeferencing: Evaluating the use of toponyms for the digitization of map collections1932-6203https://doaj.org/article/5a86c5795c784c50a204d4abfdc2b9922021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8601528/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203A great deal of information is contained within archival maps—ranging from historic political boundaries, to mineral resources, to the locations of cultural landmarks. There are many ongoing efforts to preserve and digitize historic maps so that the information contained within them can be stored and analyzed efficiently. A major barrier to such map digitizing efforts is that the geographic location of each map is typically unknown and must be determined through an often slow and manual process known as georeferencing. To mitigate the time costs associated with the georeferencing process, this paper introduces a fully automated method based on map toponym (place name) labels. It is the first study to demonstrate these methods across a wide range of both simulated and real-world maps. We find that toponym-based georeferencing is sufficiently accurate to be used for data extraction purposes in nearly half of all cases. We make our implementation available to the wider research community through fully open-source replication code, as well as an online georeferencing tool, and highlight areas of improvement for future research. It is hoped that the practical implications of this research will allow for larger and more efficient processing and digitizing of map information for researchers, institutions, and the general public.Karim BahgatDan RunfolaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Karim Bahgat Dan Runfola Toponym-assisted map georeferencing: Evaluating the use of toponyms for the digitization of map collections
description	A great deal of information is contained within archival maps—ranging from historic political boundaries, to mineral resources, to the locations of cultural landmarks. There are many ongoing efforts to preserve and digitize historic maps so that the information contained within them can be stored and analyzed efficiently. A major barrier to such map digitizing efforts is that the geographic location of each map is typically unknown and must be determined through an often slow and manual process known as georeferencing. To mitigate the time costs associated with the georeferencing process, this paper introduces a fully automated method based on map toponym (place name) labels. It is the first study to demonstrate these methods across a wide range of both simulated and real-world maps. We find that toponym-based georeferencing is sufficiently accurate to be used for data extraction purposes in nearly half of all cases. We make our implementation available to the wider research community through fully open-source replication code, as well as an online georeferencing tool, and highlight areas of improvement for future research. It is hoped that the practical implications of this research will allow for larger and more efficient processing and digitizing of map information for researchers, institutions, and the general public.
format	article
author	Karim Bahgat Dan Runfola
author_facet	Karim Bahgat Dan Runfola
author_sort	Karim Bahgat
title	Toponym-assisted map georeferencing: Evaluating the use of toponyms for the digitization of map collections
title_short	Toponym-assisted map georeferencing: Evaluating the use of toponyms for the digitization of map collections
title_full	Toponym-assisted map georeferencing: Evaluating the use of toponyms for the digitization of map collections
title_fullStr	Toponym-assisted map georeferencing: Evaluating the use of toponyms for the digitization of map collections
title_full_unstemmed	Toponym-assisted map georeferencing: Evaluating the use of toponyms for the digitization of map collections
title_sort	toponym-assisted map georeferencing: evaluating the use of toponyms for the digitization of map collections
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5a86c5795c784c50a204d4abfdc2b992
work_keys_str_mv	AT karimbahgat toponymassistedmapgeoreferencingevaluatingtheuseoftoponymsforthedigitizationofmapcollections AT danrunfola toponymassistedmapgeoreferencingevaluatingtheuseoftoponymsforthedigitizationofmapcollections
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Toponym-assisted map georeferencing: Evaluating the use of toponyms for the digitization of map collections

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