Examining the competing effects of contemporary land management vs. land cover changes on global air quality

Examining the competing effects of contemporary land management vs. land cover changes on global air quality

<p>Our work explores the impact of two important dimensions of land system changes, land use and land cover change (LULCC) as well as direct agricultural reactive nitrogen (N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>r</sub></span>) emissions from soils, on ozone (O<...

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Autores principales: A. Y. H. Wong, J. A. Geddes
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Publicado: Copernicus Publications 2021
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Physics
QC1-999
Chemistry
QD1-999
Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/5ad03cf13cf4444b99c18de935883df0
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institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Physics
QC1-999
Chemistry
QD1-999
spellingShingle Physics
QC1-999
Chemistry
QD1-999
A. Y. H. Wong
J. A. Geddes
Examining the competing effects of contemporary land management vs. land cover changes on global air quality
description <p>Our work explores the impact of two important dimensions of land system changes, land use and land cover change (LULCC) as well as direct agricultural reactive nitrogen (N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>r</sub></span>) emissions from soils, on ozone (O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>) and fine particulate matter (PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub>)</span> in terms of air quality over contemporary (1992 to 2014) timescales. We account for LULCC and agricultural N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>r</sub></span> emissions changes with consistent remote sensing products and new global emission inventories respectively estimating their impacts on global surface O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> and PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> concentrations as well as N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>r</sub></span> deposition using the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model. Over this time period, our model results show that agricultural N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>r</sub></span> emission changes cause a reduction of annual mean PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> levels over Europe and northern Asia (up to <span class="inline-formula">−</span>2.1 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>) while increasing PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> levels in India, China and the eastern US (up to <span class="inline-formula">+</span>3.5 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>). Land cover changes induce small reductions in PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> (up to <span class="inline-formula">−</span>0.7 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>) over Amazonia, China and India due to reduced biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions and enhanced deposition of aerosol precursor gases (e.g., NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>). Agricultural N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>r</sub></span> emission changes only lead to minor changes (up to <span class="inline-formula">±0.6</span> ppbv) in annual mean surface O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> levels, mainly over China, India and Myanmar. Meanwhile, our model result suggests a stronger impact of LULCC on surface O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> over the time period across South America; the combination of changes in dry deposition and isoprene emissions results in <span class="inline-formula">−</span>0.8 to <span class="inline-formula">+</span>1.2 ppbv surface ozone changes. The enhancement of dry deposition reduces the surface ozone level (up to <span class="inline-formula">−</span>1 ppbv) over southern China, the eastern US and central Africa. The enhancement of soil NO emission due to crop expansion also contributes to surface ozone changes (up to <span class="inline-formula">+</span>0.6 ppbv) over sub-Saharan Africa. In certain regions, the combined effects of LULCC and agricultural N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>r</sub></span> emission changes on O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> and PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> air quality can be comparable (<span class="inline-formula"><i>&gt;</i>20</span> %) to anthropogenic emission changes over the same time period. Finally, we calculate that the increase in global agricultural N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>r</sub></span> emissions leads to a net increase in global land area (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M36" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">3.67</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn><mn mathvariant="normal">6</mn></msup><mspace width="0.125em" linebreak="nobreak"/><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">km</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></msup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="80pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="09bdf3dd009e61d7f0320d163dde59c0"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-16479-2021-ie00001.svg" width="80pt" height="14pt" src="acp-21-16479-2021-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>) that potentially faces exceedance of the critical N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>r</sub></span> load (<span class="inline-formula"><i>&gt;</i>5</span> kg N ha<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>). Our result demonstrates the impacts of contemporary LULCC and agricultural N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>r</sub></span> emission changes on PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> and O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> in terms of air quality, as well as the importance of land system changes for air quality over multidecadal timescales.</p>
format article
author A. Y. H. Wong
J. A. Geddes
author_facet A. Y. H. Wong
J. A. Geddes
author_sort A. Y. H. Wong
title Examining the competing effects of contemporary land management vs. land cover changes on global air quality
title_short Examining the competing effects of contemporary land management vs. land cover changes on global air quality
title_full Examining the competing effects of contemporary land management vs. land cover changes on global air quality
title_fullStr Examining the competing effects of contemporary land management vs. land cover changes on global air quality
title_full_unstemmed Examining the competing effects of contemporary land management vs. land cover changes on global air quality
title_sort examining the competing effects of contemporary land management vs. land cover changes on global air quality
publisher Copernicus Publications
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/5ad03cf13cf4444b99c18de935883df0
work_keys_str_mv AT ayhwong examiningthecompetingeffectsofcontemporarylandmanagementvslandcoverchangesonglobalairquality
AT jageddes examiningthecompetingeffectsofcontemporarylandmanagementvslandcoverchangesonglobalairquality
_version_ 1718439217686642688
spelling oai:doaj.org-article:5ad03cf13cf4444b99c18de935883df02021-11-11T10:20:17ZExamining the competing effects of contemporary land management vs. land cover changes on global air quality10.5194/acp-21-16479-20211680-73161680-7324https://doaj.org/article/5ad03cf13cf4444b99c18de935883df02021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/16479/2021/acp-21-16479-2021.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324<p>Our work explores the impact of two important dimensions of land system changes, land use and land cover change (LULCC) as well as direct agricultural reactive nitrogen (N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>r</sub></span>) emissions from soils, on ozone (O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>) and fine particulate matter (PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub>)</span> in terms of air quality over contemporary (1992 to 2014) timescales. We account for LULCC and agricultural N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>r</sub></span> emissions changes with consistent remote sensing products and new global emission inventories respectively estimating their impacts on global surface O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> and PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> concentrations as well as N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>r</sub></span> deposition using the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model. Over this time period, our model results show that agricultural N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>r</sub></span> emission changes cause a reduction of annual mean PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> levels over Europe and northern Asia (up to <span class="inline-formula">−</span>2.1 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>) while increasing PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> levels in India, China and the eastern US (up to <span class="inline-formula">+</span>3.5 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>). Land cover changes induce small reductions in PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> (up to <span class="inline-formula">−</span>0.7 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>) over Amazonia, China and India due to reduced biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions and enhanced deposition of aerosol precursor gases (e.g., NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>). Agricultural N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>r</sub></span> emission changes only lead to minor changes (up to <span class="inline-formula">±0.6</span> ppbv) in annual mean surface O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> levels, mainly over China, India and Myanmar. Meanwhile, our model result suggests a stronger impact of LULCC on surface O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> over the time period across South America; the combination of changes in dry deposition and isoprene emissions results in <span class="inline-formula">−</span>0.8 to <span class="inline-formula">+</span>1.2 ppbv surface ozone changes. The enhancement of dry deposition reduces the surface ozone level (up to <span class="inline-formula">−</span>1 ppbv) over southern China, the eastern US and central Africa. The enhancement of soil NO emission due to crop expansion also contributes to surface ozone changes (up to <span class="inline-formula">+</span>0.6 ppbv) over sub-Saharan Africa. In certain regions, the combined effects of LULCC and agricultural N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>r</sub></span> emission changes on O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> and PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> air quality can be comparable (<span class="inline-formula"><i>&gt;</i>20</span> %) to anthropogenic emission changes over the same time period. Finally, we calculate that the increase in global agricultural N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>r</sub></span> emissions leads to a net increase in global land area (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M36" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">3.67</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn><mn mathvariant="normal">6</mn></msup><mspace width="0.125em" linebreak="nobreak"/><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">km</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></msup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="80pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="09bdf3dd009e61d7f0320d163dde59c0"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-16479-2021-ie00001.svg" width="80pt" height="14pt" src="acp-21-16479-2021-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>) that potentially faces exceedance of the critical N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>r</sub></span> load (<span class="inline-formula"><i>&gt;</i>5</span> kg N ha<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>). Our result demonstrates the impacts of contemporary LULCC and agricultural N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>r</sub></span> emission changes on PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> and O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> in terms of air quality, as well as the importance of land system changes for air quality over multidecadal timescales.</p>A. Y. H. WongJ. A. GeddesCopernicus PublicationsarticlePhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 21, Pp 16479-16497 (2021)

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