Comparison of Different Additive Manufacturing Methods for 316L Stainless Steel

In additive manufacturing (AM), the technology and processing parameters are key elements that determine the characteristics of samples for a given material. To distinguish the effects of these variables, we used the same AISI 316L stainless steel powder with different AM techniques. The techniques...

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Autores principales:	Javier Bedmar, Ainhoa Riquelme, Pilar Rodrigo, Belen Torres, Joaquin Rams
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	selective laser melting direct laser deposition additive manufacturing 316L mechanical properties Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5ae5e9f2ea784f1cb3894976f7bcffa6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5ae5e9f2ea784f1cb3894976f7bcffa62021-11-11T18:05:03ZComparison of Different Additive Manufacturing Methods for 316L Stainless Steel10.3390/ma142165041996-1944https://doaj.org/article/5ae5e9f2ea784f1cb3894976f7bcffa62021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/21/6504https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944In additive manufacturing (AM), the technology and processing parameters are key elements that determine the characteristics of samples for a given material. To distinguish the effects of these variables, we used the same AISI 316L stainless steel powder with different AM techniques. The techniques used are the most relevant ones in the AM of metals, i.e., direct laser deposition (DLD) with a high-power diode laser and selective laser melting (SLM) using a fiber laser and a novel CO<sub>2</sub> laser, a novel technique that has not yet been reported with this material. The microstructure of all samples showed austenitic and ferritic phases, which were coarser with the DLD technique than for the two SLM ones. The hardness of the fiber laser SLM samples was the greatest, but its bending strength was lower. In SLM with CO<sub>2</sub> laser pieces, the porosity and lack of melting reduced the fracture strain, but the strength was greater than in the fiber laser SLM samples under certain build-up strategies. Specimens manufactured using DLD showed a higher fracture strain than the rest, while maintaining high strength values. In all the cases, crack surfaces were observed and the fracture mechanisms were determined. The processing conditions were compared using a normalized parameters methodology, which has also been used to explain the observed microstructures.Javier BedmarAinhoa RiquelmePilar RodrigoBelen TorresJoaquin RamsMDPI AGarticleselective laser meltingdirect laser depositionadditive manufacturing316Lmechanical propertiesTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6504, p 6504 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	selective laser melting direct laser deposition additive manufacturing 316L mechanical properties Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	selective laser melting direct laser deposition additive manufacturing 316L mechanical properties Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Javier Bedmar Ainhoa Riquelme Pilar Rodrigo Belen Torres Joaquin Rams Comparison of Different Additive Manufacturing Methods for 316L Stainless Steel
description	In additive manufacturing (AM), the technology and processing parameters are key elements that determine the characteristics of samples for a given material. To distinguish the effects of these variables, we used the same AISI 316L stainless steel powder with different AM techniques. The techniques used are the most relevant ones in the AM of metals, i.e., direct laser deposition (DLD) with a high-power diode laser and selective laser melting (SLM) using a fiber laser and a novel CO<sub>2</sub> laser, a novel technique that has not yet been reported with this material. The microstructure of all samples showed austenitic and ferritic phases, which were coarser with the DLD technique than for the two SLM ones. The hardness of the fiber laser SLM samples was the greatest, but its bending strength was lower. In SLM with CO<sub>2</sub> laser pieces, the porosity and lack of melting reduced the fracture strain, but the strength was greater than in the fiber laser SLM samples under certain build-up strategies. Specimens manufactured using DLD showed a higher fracture strain than the rest, while maintaining high strength values. In all the cases, crack surfaces were observed and the fracture mechanisms were determined. The processing conditions were compared using a normalized parameters methodology, which has also been used to explain the observed microstructures.
format	article
author	Javier Bedmar Ainhoa Riquelme Pilar Rodrigo Belen Torres Joaquin Rams
author_facet	Javier Bedmar Ainhoa Riquelme Pilar Rodrigo Belen Torres Joaquin Rams
author_sort	Javier Bedmar
title	Comparison of Different Additive Manufacturing Methods for 316L Stainless Steel
title_short	Comparison of Different Additive Manufacturing Methods for 316L Stainless Steel
title_full	Comparison of Different Additive Manufacturing Methods for 316L Stainless Steel
title_fullStr	Comparison of Different Additive Manufacturing Methods for 316L Stainless Steel
title_full_unstemmed	Comparison of Different Additive Manufacturing Methods for 316L Stainless Steel
title_sort	comparison of different additive manufacturing methods for 316l stainless steel
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5ae5e9f2ea784f1cb3894976f7bcffa6
work_keys_str_mv	AT javierbedmar comparisonofdifferentadditivemanufacturingmethodsfor316lstainlesssteel AT ainhoariquelme comparisonofdifferentadditivemanufacturingmethodsfor316lstainlesssteel AT pilarrodrigo comparisonofdifferentadditivemanufacturingmethodsfor316lstainlesssteel AT belentorres comparisonofdifferentadditivemanufacturingmethodsfor316lstainlesssteel AT joaquinrams comparisonofdifferentadditivemanufacturingmethodsfor316lstainlesssteel
_version_	1718431943348977664

Comparison of Different Additive Manufacturing Methods for 316L Stainless Steel

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