Selective Upregulation of Transcripts for Six Molecules Related to T Cell Costimulation and Phagocyte Recruitment and Activation among 734 Immunity-Related Genes in the Brain during Perforin-Dependent, CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cell-Mediated Elimination of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> Cysts

ABSTRACT We recently found that an invasion of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells into tissue cysts of Toxoplasma gondii initiates an elimination of the cysts in association with an accumulation of microglia and macrophages. In the present study, we compared mRNA levels for 734 immune-related genes in the brain...

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Autores principales:	Jenny Lutshumba, Eri Ochiai, Qila Sa, Namrata Anand, Yasuhiro Suzuki
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	CD8+ cytotoxic T cells perforin T cell invasion coactivation molecules phagocytes chemokine receptor Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5af1943053d94cc8b9948c7b6952f33a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5af1943053d94cc8b9948c7b6952f33a2021-12-02T19:46:19ZSelective Upregulation of Transcripts for Six Molecules Related to T Cell Costimulation and Phagocyte Recruitment and Activation among 734 Immunity-Related Genes in the Brain during Perforin-Dependent, CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cell-Mediated Elimination of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> Cysts10.1128/mSystems.00189-202379-5077https://doaj.org/article/5af1943053d94cc8b9948c7b6952f33a2020-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSystems.00189-20https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5077ABSTRACT We recently found that an invasion of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells into tissue cysts of Toxoplasma gondii initiates an elimination of the cysts in association with an accumulation of microglia and macrophages. In the present study, we compared mRNA levels for 734 immune-related genes in the brains of infected SCID mice that received perforin-sufficient or -deficient CD8+ immune T cells at 3 weeks after infection. At 7 days after the T cell transfer, mRNA levels for only six genes were identified to be greater in the recipients of the perforin-sufficient T cells than in the recipients of the perforin-deficient T cells. These six molecules included two T cell costimulatory molecules, inducible T cell costimulator receptor (ICOS) and its ligand (ICOSL); two chemokine receptors, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and CXCR6; and two molecules related to an activation of microglia and macrophages, interleukin 18 receptor 1 (IL-18R1) and chitinase-like 3 (Chil3). Consistently, a marked reduction of cyst numbers and upregulation of ICOS, CXCR3, CXCR6, IL-18R1, and Chil3 mRNA levels were also detected when the perforin-sufficient CD8+ immune T cells were transferred to infected SCID mice at 6 weeks after infection, indicating that the CD8+ T cell-mediated protective immunity is capable of eliminating mature T. gondii cysts. These results together suggest that ICOS-ICOSL interactions are crucial for activating CD8+ cytotoxic immune T cells to initiate the destruction of T. gondii cysts and that CXCR3, CXCR6, and IL-18R are involved in recruitment and activation of microglia and macrophages to the T cell-attacked cysts for their elimination. IMPORTANCE T. gondii establishes a chronic infection by forming tissue cysts, which can grow into sizes greater than 50 μm in diameter as a consequence of containing hundreds to thousands of organisms surrounded by the cyst wall within infected cells. Our recent studies using murine models uncovered that CD8+ cytotoxic T cells penetrate into the cysts in a perforin-dependent manner and induce their elimination, which is accompanied with an accumulation of phagocytic cells to the T cell-attacked target. This is the first evidence of the ability of the T cells to invade into a large target for its elimination. However, the mechanisms involved in anticyst immunity remain unclear. Immune profiling analyses of 734 immune-related genes in the present study provided a valuable foundation to initiate elucidating detailed molecular mechanisms of the novel effector function of the immune system operated by perforin-mediated invasion of CD8+ T cells into large targets for their elimination.Jenny LutshumbaEri OchiaiQila SaNamrata AnandYasuhiro SuzukiAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleCD8+ cytotoxic T cellsperforinT cell invasioncoactivation moleculesphagocyteschemokine receptorMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSystems, Vol 5, Iss 2 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	CD8+ cytotoxic T cells perforin T cell invasion coactivation molecules phagocytes chemokine receptor Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	CD8+ cytotoxic T cells perforin T cell invasion coactivation molecules phagocytes chemokine receptor Microbiology QR1-502 Jenny Lutshumba Eri Ochiai Qila Sa Namrata Anand Yasuhiro Suzuki Selective Upregulation of Transcripts for Six Molecules Related to T Cell Costimulation and Phagocyte Recruitment and Activation among 734 Immunity-Related Genes in the Brain during Perforin-Dependent, CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cell-Mediated Elimination of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> Cysts
description	ABSTRACT We recently found that an invasion of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells into tissue cysts of Toxoplasma gondii initiates an elimination of the cysts in association with an accumulation of microglia and macrophages. In the present study, we compared mRNA levels for 734 immune-related genes in the brains of infected SCID mice that received perforin-sufficient or -deficient CD8+ immune T cells at 3 weeks after infection. At 7 days after the T cell transfer, mRNA levels for only six genes were identified to be greater in the recipients of the perforin-sufficient T cells than in the recipients of the perforin-deficient T cells. These six molecules included two T cell costimulatory molecules, inducible T cell costimulator receptor (ICOS) and its ligand (ICOSL); two chemokine receptors, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and CXCR6; and two molecules related to an activation of microglia and macrophages, interleukin 18 receptor 1 (IL-18R1) and chitinase-like 3 (Chil3). Consistently, a marked reduction of cyst numbers and upregulation of ICOS, CXCR3, CXCR6, IL-18R1, and Chil3 mRNA levels were also detected when the perforin-sufficient CD8+ immune T cells were transferred to infected SCID mice at 6 weeks after infection, indicating that the CD8+ T cell-mediated protective immunity is capable of eliminating mature T. gondii cysts. These results together suggest that ICOS-ICOSL interactions are crucial for activating CD8+ cytotoxic immune T cells to initiate the destruction of T. gondii cysts and that CXCR3, CXCR6, and IL-18R are involved in recruitment and activation of microglia and macrophages to the T cell-attacked cysts for their elimination. IMPORTANCE T. gondii establishes a chronic infection by forming tissue cysts, which can grow into sizes greater than 50 μm in diameter as a consequence of containing hundreds to thousands of organisms surrounded by the cyst wall within infected cells. Our recent studies using murine models uncovered that CD8+ cytotoxic T cells penetrate into the cysts in a perforin-dependent manner and induce their elimination, which is accompanied with an accumulation of phagocytic cells to the T cell-attacked target. This is the first evidence of the ability of the T cells to invade into a large target for its elimination. However, the mechanisms involved in anticyst immunity remain unclear. Immune profiling analyses of 734 immune-related genes in the present study provided a valuable foundation to initiate elucidating detailed molecular mechanisms of the novel effector function of the immune system operated by perforin-mediated invasion of CD8+ T cells into large targets for their elimination.
format	article
author	Jenny Lutshumba Eri Ochiai Qila Sa Namrata Anand Yasuhiro Suzuki
author_facet	Jenny Lutshumba Eri Ochiai Qila Sa Namrata Anand Yasuhiro Suzuki
author_sort	Jenny Lutshumba
title	Selective Upregulation of Transcripts for Six Molecules Related to T Cell Costimulation and Phagocyte Recruitment and Activation among 734 Immunity-Related Genes in the Brain during Perforin-Dependent, CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cell-Mediated Elimination of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> Cysts
title_short	Selective Upregulation of Transcripts for Six Molecules Related to T Cell Costimulation and Phagocyte Recruitment and Activation among 734 Immunity-Related Genes in the Brain during Perforin-Dependent, CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cell-Mediated Elimination of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> Cysts
title_full	Selective Upregulation of Transcripts for Six Molecules Related to T Cell Costimulation and Phagocyte Recruitment and Activation among 734 Immunity-Related Genes in the Brain during Perforin-Dependent, CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cell-Mediated Elimination of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> Cysts
title_fullStr	Selective Upregulation of Transcripts for Six Molecules Related to T Cell Costimulation and Phagocyte Recruitment and Activation among 734 Immunity-Related Genes in the Brain during Perforin-Dependent, CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cell-Mediated Elimination of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> Cysts
title_full_unstemmed	Selective Upregulation of Transcripts for Six Molecules Related to T Cell Costimulation and Phagocyte Recruitment and Activation among 734 Immunity-Related Genes in the Brain during Perforin-Dependent, CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cell-Mediated Elimination of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Toxoplasma gondii</named-content> Cysts
title_sort	selective upregulation of transcripts for six molecules related to t cell costimulation and phagocyte recruitment and activation among 734 immunity-related genes in the brain during perforin-dependent, cd8<sup>+</sup> t cell-mediated elimination of <named-content content-type="genus-species">toxoplasma gondii</named-content> cysts
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/5af1943053d94cc8b9948c7b6952f33a
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