Overcoming tumor hypoxia as a barrier to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer treatment

Kaitlin Graham, Evan Unger NuvOx Pharma, Tucson, AZ, USA Abstract: Hypoxia exists to some degree in most solid tumors due to inadequate oxygen delivery of the abnormal vasculature which cannot meet the demands of the rapidly proliferating cancer cells. The levels of oxygenation within the same tum...

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Autores principales:	Graham K, Unger E
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	Hypoxia solid tumor oxygen therapeutics dodecafluoropentane emulsion DDFPe Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5af499f7a208467ba9a3369da66fd894
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5af499f7a208467ba9a3369da66fd8942021-12-02T00:12:50ZOvercoming tumor hypoxia as a barrier to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer treatment1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/5af499f7a208467ba9a3369da66fd8942018-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/overcoming-tumor-hypoxia-as-a-barrier-to-radiotherapy-chemotherapy-and-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Kaitlin Graham, Evan Unger NuvOx Pharma, Tucson, AZ, USA Abstract: Hypoxia exists to some degree in most solid tumors due to inadequate oxygen delivery of the abnormal vasculature which cannot meet the demands of the rapidly proliferating cancer cells. The levels of oxygenation within the same tumor are highly variable from one area to another and can change over time. Tumor hypoxia is an important impediment to effective cancer therapy. In radiotherapy, the primary mechanism is the creation of reactive oxygen species; hypoxic tumors are therefore radiation resistant. A number of chemotherapeutic drugs have been shown to be less effective when exposed to a hypoxic environment which can lead to further disease progression. Hypoxia is also a potent barrier to effective immunotherapy in cancer treatment. Because of the recognition of hypoxia as an important barrier to cancer treatment, a variety of approaches have been undertaken to overcome or reverse tumor hypoxia. Such approaches have included breathing hyperbaric oxygen, artificial hemoglobins, allosteric hemoglobin modifiers, hypoxia activated prodrugs and fluorocarbons (FCs). These approaches have largely failed due to limited efficacy and/or adverse side effects. Oxygen therapeutics, based on liquid FCs, can potentially increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood to reverse tumor hypoxia. Currently, at least two drugs are in clinical trials to reverse tumor hypoxia; one of these is designed to improve permeability of oxygen into the tumor tissue and the other is based upon a low boiling point FC that transports higher amounts of oxygen per gram than previously tested FCs. Keywords: fluorocarbon, solid tumor, oxygen therapeutics, dodecafluoropentane emulsionGraham KUnger EDove Medical PressarticleHypoxiasolid tumoroxygen therapeuticsdodecafluoropentane emulsionDDFPeMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol Volume 13, Pp 6049-6058 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Hypoxia solid tumor oxygen therapeutics dodecafluoropentane emulsion DDFPe Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Hypoxia solid tumor oxygen therapeutics dodecafluoropentane emulsion DDFPe Medicine (General) R5-920 Graham K Unger E Overcoming tumor hypoxia as a barrier to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer treatment
description	Kaitlin Graham, Evan Unger NuvOx Pharma, Tucson, AZ, USA Abstract: Hypoxia exists to some degree in most solid tumors due to inadequate oxygen delivery of the abnormal vasculature which cannot meet the demands of the rapidly proliferating cancer cells. The levels of oxygenation within the same tumor are highly variable from one area to another and can change over time. Tumor hypoxia is an important impediment to effective cancer therapy. In radiotherapy, the primary mechanism is the creation of reactive oxygen species; hypoxic tumors are therefore radiation resistant. A number of chemotherapeutic drugs have been shown to be less effective when exposed to a hypoxic environment which can lead to further disease progression. Hypoxia is also a potent barrier to effective immunotherapy in cancer treatment. Because of the recognition of hypoxia as an important barrier to cancer treatment, a variety of approaches have been undertaken to overcome or reverse tumor hypoxia. Such approaches have included breathing hyperbaric oxygen, artificial hemoglobins, allosteric hemoglobin modifiers, hypoxia activated prodrugs and fluorocarbons (FCs). These approaches have largely failed due to limited efficacy and/or adverse side effects. Oxygen therapeutics, based on liquid FCs, can potentially increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood to reverse tumor hypoxia. Currently, at least two drugs are in clinical trials to reverse tumor hypoxia; one of these is designed to improve permeability of oxygen into the tumor tissue and the other is based upon a low boiling point FC that transports higher amounts of oxygen per gram than previously tested FCs. Keywords: fluorocarbon, solid tumor, oxygen therapeutics, dodecafluoropentane emulsion
format	article
author	Graham K Unger E
author_facet	Graham K Unger E
author_sort	Graham K
title	Overcoming tumor hypoxia as a barrier to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer treatment
title_short	Overcoming tumor hypoxia as a barrier to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer treatment
title_full	Overcoming tumor hypoxia as a barrier to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer treatment
title_fullStr	Overcoming tumor hypoxia as a barrier to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer treatment
title_full_unstemmed	Overcoming tumor hypoxia as a barrier to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer treatment
title_sort	overcoming tumor hypoxia as a barrier to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer treatment
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/5af499f7a208467ba9a3369da66fd894
work_keys_str_mv	AT grahamk overcomingtumorhypoxiaasabarriertoradiotherapychemotherapyandimmunotherapyincancertreatment AT ungere overcomingtumorhypoxiaasabarriertoradiotherapychemotherapyandimmunotherapyincancertreatment
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Overcoming tumor hypoxia as a barrier to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer treatment

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