A review of the impact of environmental factors on the fate and transport of coronaviruses in aqueous environments

Abstract The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) that has claimed hundreds of thousands of lives worldwide. This virus spreads predominantly by human-to-human transmission via respiratory droplets. However, the presence...

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Autores principales:	Diplina Paul, Praveen Kolar, Steven G. Hall
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5b127475e3794b65b7107b159a4282ed
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5b127475e3794b65b7107b159a4282ed2021-12-02T14:18:08ZA review of the impact of environmental factors on the fate and transport of coronaviruses in aqueous environments10.1038/s41545-020-00096-w2059-7037https://doaj.org/article/5b127475e3794b65b7107b159a4282ed2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-020-00096-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2059-7037Abstract The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) that has claimed hundreds of thousands of lives worldwide. This virus spreads predominantly by human-to-human transmission via respiratory droplets. However, the presence of this virus in the fecal and anal swabs of infected patients has triggered the need for research into its waterborne transmission. The various environmental factors that impact the persistence of coronavirus in different water matrices include temperature, UV exposure, organic matter, disinfectants as well as adversarial microorganisms. This review summarizes the most recent research data on the effect of various factors on coronavirus in aqueous environments. The available data suggest that: (i) increasing temperature decreases the overall persistence of the virus; (ii) the presence of organic matter can increase the survivability of coronavirus; (iii) chlorine is the most effective and economic disinfectant; (iv) membrane bioreactors in wastewater treatment plants are hosts of competitive microorganisms that can inactivate coronaviruses; (v) ultraviolet irradiation is another effective option for virus inactivation. However, the inactivation disinfection kinetics of coronaviruses are yet to be fully understood. Thus, further research is needed to understand its fate and transport with respect to the water cycle so that effective strategies can be adopted to curb its effects. These strategies may vary based on geographic, climatic, technical, and social conditions around the globe. This paper explores possible approaches and especially the conditions that local communities and authorities should consider to find optimal solutions that can limit the spread of this virus.Diplina PaulPraveen KolarSteven G. HallNature PortfolioarticleWater supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENnpj Clean Water, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Diplina Paul Praveen Kolar Steven G. Hall A review of the impact of environmental factors on the fate and transport of coronaviruses in aqueous environments
description	Abstract The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) that has claimed hundreds of thousands of lives worldwide. This virus spreads predominantly by human-to-human transmission via respiratory droplets. However, the presence of this virus in the fecal and anal swabs of infected patients has triggered the need for research into its waterborne transmission. The various environmental factors that impact the persistence of coronavirus in different water matrices include temperature, UV exposure, organic matter, disinfectants as well as adversarial microorganisms. This review summarizes the most recent research data on the effect of various factors on coronavirus in aqueous environments. The available data suggest that: (i) increasing temperature decreases the overall persistence of the virus; (ii) the presence of organic matter can increase the survivability of coronavirus; (iii) chlorine is the most effective and economic disinfectant; (iv) membrane bioreactors in wastewater treatment plants are hosts of competitive microorganisms that can inactivate coronaviruses; (v) ultraviolet irradiation is another effective option for virus inactivation. However, the inactivation disinfection kinetics of coronaviruses are yet to be fully understood. Thus, further research is needed to understand its fate and transport with respect to the water cycle so that effective strategies can be adopted to curb its effects. These strategies may vary based on geographic, climatic, technical, and social conditions around the globe. This paper explores possible approaches and especially the conditions that local communities and authorities should consider to find optimal solutions that can limit the spread of this virus.
format	article
author	Diplina Paul Praveen Kolar Steven G. Hall
author_facet	Diplina Paul Praveen Kolar Steven G. Hall
author_sort	Diplina Paul
title	A review of the impact of environmental factors on the fate and transport of coronaviruses in aqueous environments
title_short	A review of the impact of environmental factors on the fate and transport of coronaviruses in aqueous environments
title_full	A review of the impact of environmental factors on the fate and transport of coronaviruses in aqueous environments
title_fullStr	A review of the impact of environmental factors on the fate and transport of coronaviruses in aqueous environments
title_full_unstemmed	A review of the impact of environmental factors on the fate and transport of coronaviruses in aqueous environments
title_sort	review of the impact of environmental factors on the fate and transport of coronaviruses in aqueous environments
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5b127475e3794b65b7107b159a4282ed
work_keys_str_mv	AT diplinapaul areviewoftheimpactofenvironmentalfactorsonthefateandtransportofcoronavirusesinaqueousenvironments AT praveenkolar areviewoftheimpactofenvironmentalfactorsonthefateandtransportofcoronavirusesinaqueousenvironments AT stevenghall areviewoftheimpactofenvironmentalfactorsonthefateandtransportofcoronavirusesinaqueousenvironments AT diplinapaul reviewoftheimpactofenvironmentalfactorsonthefateandtransportofcoronavirusesinaqueousenvironments AT praveenkolar reviewoftheimpactofenvironmentalfactorsonthefateandtransportofcoronavirusesinaqueousenvironments AT stevenghall reviewoftheimpactofenvironmentalfactorsonthefateandtransportofcoronavirusesinaqueousenvironments
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A review of the impact of environmental factors on the fate and transport of coronaviruses in aqueous environments

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