Low-temperature (< 200 °C) degradation of electronic nicotine delivery system liquids generates toxic aldehydes

Abstract Electronic cigarette usage has spiked in popularity over recent years. The enhanced prevalence has consequently resulted in new health concerns associated with the use of these devices. Degradation of the liquids used in vaping have been identified as a concern due to the presence of toxic...

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Autores principales:	Nicholas R. Jaegers, Wenda Hu, Thomas J. Weber, Jian Zhi Hu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5b3fdfb3203c45bc8e388bae744e5cac
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5b3fdfb3203c45bc8e388bae744e5cac2021-12-02T14:15:53ZLow-temperature (< 200 °C) degradation of electronic nicotine delivery system liquids generates toxic aldehydes10.1038/s41598-021-87044-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/5b3fdfb3203c45bc8e388bae744e5cac2021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87044-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Electronic cigarette usage has spiked in popularity over recent years. The enhanced prevalence has consequently resulted in new health concerns associated with the use of these devices. Degradation of the liquids used in vaping have been identified as a concern due to the presence of toxic compounds such as aldehydes in the aerosols. Typically, such thermochemical conversions are reported to occur between 300 and 400 °C. Herein, the low-temperature thermal degradation of propylene glycol and glycerol constituents of e-cigarette vapors are explored for the first time by natural abundance 13C NMR and 1H NMR, enabling in situ detection of intact molecules from decomposition. The results demonstrate that the degradation of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) liquids is strongly reliant upon the oxygen availability, both in the presence and absence of a material surface. When oxygen is available, propylene glycol and glycerol readily decompose at temperatures between 133 and 175 °C over an extended time period. Among the generated chemical species, formic and acrylic acids are observed which can negatively affect the kidneys and lungs of those who inhale the toxin during ENDS vapor inhalation. Further, the formation of hemi- and formal acetals is noted from both glycerol and propylene glycol, signifying the generation of both formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, highly toxic compounds, which, as a biocide, can lead to numerous health ailments. The results also reveal a retardation in decomposition rate when material surfaces are prevalent with no directly observed unique surface spectator or intermediate species as well as potentially slower conversions in mixtures of the two components. The generation of toxic species in ENDS liquids at low temperatures highlights the dangers of low-temperature ENDS use.Nicholas R. JaegersWenda HuThomas J. WeberJian Zhi HuNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Nicholas R. Jaegers Wenda Hu Thomas J. Weber Jian Zhi Hu Low-temperature (< 200 °C) degradation of electronic nicotine delivery system liquids generates toxic aldehydes
description	Abstract Electronic cigarette usage has spiked in popularity over recent years. The enhanced prevalence has consequently resulted in new health concerns associated with the use of these devices. Degradation of the liquids used in vaping have been identified as a concern due to the presence of toxic compounds such as aldehydes in the aerosols. Typically, such thermochemical conversions are reported to occur between 300 and 400 °C. Herein, the low-temperature thermal degradation of propylene glycol and glycerol constituents of e-cigarette vapors are explored for the first time by natural abundance 13C NMR and 1H NMR, enabling in situ detection of intact molecules from decomposition. The results demonstrate that the degradation of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) liquids is strongly reliant upon the oxygen availability, both in the presence and absence of a material surface. When oxygen is available, propylene glycol and glycerol readily decompose at temperatures between 133 and 175 °C over an extended time period. Among the generated chemical species, formic and acrylic acids are observed which can negatively affect the kidneys and lungs of those who inhale the toxin during ENDS vapor inhalation. Further, the formation of hemi- and formal acetals is noted from both glycerol and propylene glycol, signifying the generation of both formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, highly toxic compounds, which, as a biocide, can lead to numerous health ailments. The results also reveal a retardation in decomposition rate when material surfaces are prevalent with no directly observed unique surface spectator or intermediate species as well as potentially slower conversions in mixtures of the two components. The generation of toxic species in ENDS liquids at low temperatures highlights the dangers of low-temperature ENDS use.
format	article
author	Nicholas R. Jaegers Wenda Hu Thomas J. Weber Jian Zhi Hu
author_facet	Nicholas R. Jaegers Wenda Hu Thomas J. Weber Jian Zhi Hu
author_sort	Nicholas R. Jaegers
title	Low-temperature (< 200 °C) degradation of electronic nicotine delivery system liquids generates toxic aldehydes
title_short	Low-temperature (< 200 °C) degradation of electronic nicotine delivery system liquids generates toxic aldehydes
title_full	Low-temperature (< 200 °C) degradation of electronic nicotine delivery system liquids generates toxic aldehydes
title_fullStr	Low-temperature (< 200 °C) degradation of electronic nicotine delivery system liquids generates toxic aldehydes
title_full_unstemmed	Low-temperature (< 200 °C) degradation of electronic nicotine delivery system liquids generates toxic aldehydes
title_sort	low-temperature (< 200 °c) degradation of electronic nicotine delivery system liquids generates toxic aldehydes
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5b3fdfb3203c45bc8e388bae744e5cac
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Low-temperature (< 200 °C) degradation of electronic nicotine delivery system liquids generates toxic aldehydes

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