Do Water Bodies Show Better Ecological Status in Natura 2000 Protected Areas Than Non-Protected Ones?—The Case of Greece

Regardless of the efforts of the European Union, freshwaters are in a state of environmental crisis. The Water Framework Directive has established a basis for the protection and restoration of European inland and coastal waters. In parallel, the Birds and Habitats Directives protect, maintain or res...

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Autores principales:	Konstantinos Stefanidis, Anthi Oikonomou, Maria Stoumboudi, Elias Dimitriou, Nikolaos Theodor Skoulikidis
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Water Framework Directive Habitats Directive ecological status ecosystem management ecological monitoring rivers Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5b46ed1056a24519a004c937a46a7d47
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5b46ed1056a24519a004c937a46a7d472021-11-11T19:54:19ZDo Water Bodies Show Better Ecological Status in Natura 2000 Protected Areas Than Non-Protected Ones?—The Case of Greece10.3390/w132130072073-4441https://doaj.org/article/5b46ed1056a24519a004c937a46a7d472021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/21/3007https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441Regardless of the efforts of the European Union, freshwaters are in a state of environmental crisis. The Water Framework Directive has established a basis for the protection and restoration of European inland and coastal waters. In parallel, the Birds and Habitats Directives protect, maintain or restore, at favourable conservation status, selected species and habitats under a representative network of protected areas. Hence, the interplay between the EU regulations is of high scientific interest and practical relevance. In this article, Greece is used as a case study to explore whether anticipated synergies between the Water Framework Directive and the Nature Directives result in a better ecological status in the protected areas than in the non-protected ones. We investigated whether the ecological qualities that are defined by three biological quality elements (BQEs) differ between the WFD monitoring sites that are located within the Natura 2000 protected areas and those that are not. We identified a total of 148 river monitoring sites that are located within the Natura 2000 network, which corresponds to 30% of the WFD monitoring network. By employing ordered logit models for each BQE, we found that the ecological quality has the same likelihood to fail the WFD target of “good” quality for sites that are located within and outside the Natura 2000 protected areas. Our results confirmed our hypothesis that the EU directives have little synergy when it comes to restoration of ecological status of Greek running waters, according to the WFD.Konstantinos StefanidisAnthi OikonomouMaria StoumboudiElias DimitriouNikolaos Theodor SkoulikidisMDPI AGarticleWater Framework DirectiveHabitats Directiveecological statusecosystem managementecological monitoringriversHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3007, p 3007 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Water Framework Directive Habitats Directive ecological status ecosystem management ecological monitoring rivers Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	Water Framework Directive Habitats Directive ecological status ecosystem management ecological monitoring rivers Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Konstantinos Stefanidis Anthi Oikonomou Maria Stoumboudi Elias Dimitriou Nikolaos Theodor Skoulikidis Do Water Bodies Show Better Ecological Status in Natura 2000 Protected Areas Than Non-Protected Ones?—The Case of Greece
description	Regardless of the efforts of the European Union, freshwaters are in a state of environmental crisis. The Water Framework Directive has established a basis for the protection and restoration of European inland and coastal waters. In parallel, the Birds and Habitats Directives protect, maintain or restore, at favourable conservation status, selected species and habitats under a representative network of protected areas. Hence, the interplay between the EU regulations is of high scientific interest and practical relevance. In this article, Greece is used as a case study to explore whether anticipated synergies between the Water Framework Directive and the Nature Directives result in a better ecological status in the protected areas than in the non-protected ones. We investigated whether the ecological qualities that are defined by three biological quality elements (BQEs) differ between the WFD monitoring sites that are located within the Natura 2000 protected areas and those that are not. We identified a total of 148 river monitoring sites that are located within the Natura 2000 network, which corresponds to 30% of the WFD monitoring network. By employing ordered logit models for each BQE, we found that the ecological quality has the same likelihood to fail the WFD target of “good” quality for sites that are located within and outside the Natura 2000 protected areas. Our results confirmed our hypothesis that the EU directives have little synergy when it comes to restoration of ecological status of Greek running waters, according to the WFD.
format	article
author	Konstantinos Stefanidis Anthi Oikonomou Maria Stoumboudi Elias Dimitriou Nikolaos Theodor Skoulikidis
author_facet	Konstantinos Stefanidis Anthi Oikonomou Maria Stoumboudi Elias Dimitriou Nikolaos Theodor Skoulikidis
author_sort	Konstantinos Stefanidis
title	Do Water Bodies Show Better Ecological Status in Natura 2000 Protected Areas Than Non-Protected Ones?—The Case of Greece
title_short	Do Water Bodies Show Better Ecological Status in Natura 2000 Protected Areas Than Non-Protected Ones?—The Case of Greece
title_full	Do Water Bodies Show Better Ecological Status in Natura 2000 Protected Areas Than Non-Protected Ones?—The Case of Greece
title_fullStr	Do Water Bodies Show Better Ecological Status in Natura 2000 Protected Areas Than Non-Protected Ones?—The Case of Greece
title_full_unstemmed	Do Water Bodies Show Better Ecological Status in Natura 2000 Protected Areas Than Non-Protected Ones?—The Case of Greece
title_sort	do water bodies show better ecological status in natura 2000 protected areas than non-protected ones?—the case of greece
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5b46ed1056a24519a004c937a46a7d47
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Do Water Bodies Show Better Ecological Status in Natura 2000 Protected Areas Than Non-Protected Ones?—The Case of Greece

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