Evaluating the Effects of a Deep-Water Marine Protected Area a Decade After Closure: A Multifaceted Approach Reveals Equivocal Benefits to Reef Fish Populations

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly used to rebuild fish populations. In 2009, eight MPAs were designated off the southeast United States with the goal of rebuilding populations of long-lived deep-water reef fishes. We tested whether reef fish within the largest of these MPAs, the Snowy W...

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Autores principales:	Brendan J. Runde, Jeffrey A. Buckel, Paul J. Rudershausen, Warren A. Mitchell, Erik Ebert, Jie Cao, J. Christopher Taylor
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	before-after-control-impact fish community hierarchical Bayesian models hydroacoustics multivariate analyses spatial management Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5b5888af89af4b39934a70172f172395
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:5b5888af89af4b39934a70172f172395
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5b5888af89af4b39934a70172f1723952021-11-30T19:42:45ZEvaluating the Effects of a Deep-Water Marine Protected Area a Decade After Closure: A Multifaceted Approach Reveals Equivocal Benefits to Reef Fish Populations2296-774510.3389/fmars.2021.775376https://doaj.org/article/5b5888af89af4b39934a70172f1723952021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.775376/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly used to rebuild fish populations. In 2009, eight MPAs were designated off the southeast United States with the goal of rebuilding populations of long-lived deep-water reef fishes. We tested whether reef fish within the largest of these MPAs, the Snowy Wreck Marine Protected Area (SWMPA), have increased in size and abundance relative to a nearby control area and compared to pre-closure. Hurdle models fitted through Bayesian inference on echosounder data collected in 2007–2009 and 2018–2020 yielded no evidence of an MPA effect. Comparisons of catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of all reef fishes yielded similar null results. However, CPUE of reef species with formal stock assessments increased 47% in the SWMPA and decreased 50% in the control area. We found significant increases in mean length of red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) inside the SWMPA but not in the control area. We also found community composition changes, including shifts away from groupers (Serranidae; Epinephelinae) and toward snappers (Lutjanidae) and tilefish (Malacanthidae) in both areas, though we did not detect an MPA effect with this analysis. Our equivocal results indicate that more time and stricter enforcement may be necessary before more biological effects of the SWMPA can be detected.Brendan J. RundeJeffrey A. BuckelPaul J. RudershausenWarren A. MitchellErik EbertJie CaoJ. Christopher TaylorFrontiers Media S.A.articlebefore-after-control-impactfish communityhierarchical Bayesian modelshydroacousticsmultivariate analysesspatial managementScienceQGeneral. Including nature conservation, geographical distributionQH1-199.5ENFrontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	before-after-control-impact fish community hierarchical Bayesian models hydroacoustics multivariate analyses spatial management Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
spellingShingle	before-after-control-impact fish community hierarchical Bayesian models hydroacoustics multivariate analyses spatial management Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Brendan J. Runde Jeffrey A. Buckel Paul J. Rudershausen Warren A. Mitchell Erik Ebert Jie Cao J. Christopher Taylor Evaluating the Effects of a Deep-Water Marine Protected Area a Decade After Closure: A Multifaceted Approach Reveals Equivocal Benefits to Reef Fish Populations
description	Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly used to rebuild fish populations. In 2009, eight MPAs were designated off the southeast United States with the goal of rebuilding populations of long-lived deep-water reef fishes. We tested whether reef fish within the largest of these MPAs, the Snowy Wreck Marine Protected Area (SWMPA), have increased in size and abundance relative to a nearby control area and compared to pre-closure. Hurdle models fitted through Bayesian inference on echosounder data collected in 2007–2009 and 2018–2020 yielded no evidence of an MPA effect. Comparisons of catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of all reef fishes yielded similar null results. However, CPUE of reef species with formal stock assessments increased 47% in the SWMPA and decreased 50% in the control area. We found significant increases in mean length of red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) inside the SWMPA but not in the control area. We also found community composition changes, including shifts away from groupers (Serranidae; Epinephelinae) and toward snappers (Lutjanidae) and tilefish (Malacanthidae) in both areas, though we did not detect an MPA effect with this analysis. Our equivocal results indicate that more time and stricter enforcement may be necessary before more biological effects of the SWMPA can be detected.
format	article
author	Brendan J. Runde Jeffrey A. Buckel Paul J. Rudershausen Warren A. Mitchell Erik Ebert Jie Cao J. Christopher Taylor
author_facet	Brendan J. Runde Jeffrey A. Buckel Paul J. Rudershausen Warren A. Mitchell Erik Ebert Jie Cao J. Christopher Taylor
author_sort	Brendan J. Runde
title	Evaluating the Effects of a Deep-Water Marine Protected Area a Decade After Closure: A Multifaceted Approach Reveals Equivocal Benefits to Reef Fish Populations
title_short	Evaluating the Effects of a Deep-Water Marine Protected Area a Decade After Closure: A Multifaceted Approach Reveals Equivocal Benefits to Reef Fish Populations
title_full	Evaluating the Effects of a Deep-Water Marine Protected Area a Decade After Closure: A Multifaceted Approach Reveals Equivocal Benefits to Reef Fish Populations
title_fullStr	Evaluating the Effects of a Deep-Water Marine Protected Area a Decade After Closure: A Multifaceted Approach Reveals Equivocal Benefits to Reef Fish Populations
title_full_unstemmed	Evaluating the Effects of a Deep-Water Marine Protected Area a Decade After Closure: A Multifaceted Approach Reveals Equivocal Benefits to Reef Fish Populations
title_sort	evaluating the effects of a deep-water marine protected area a decade after closure: a multifaceted approach reveals equivocal benefits to reef fish populations
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5b5888af89af4b39934a70172f172395
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Evaluating the Effects of a Deep-Water Marine Protected Area a Decade After Closure: A Multifaceted Approach Reveals Equivocal Benefits to Reef Fish Populations

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