Effects of cultivation practice on floristic and flowering diversity of spontaneously growing plant species on arable fields

Abstract In the past, the floristic diversity of arable fields has been described in terms of species diversity (SD) and their degree of coverage (C), but never in combination with the recording of the actually flowered species (FS) and their flowering intensity (FI) to striking differences in the c...

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Autores principales:	Jörg Hoffmann, Tim Wahrenberg
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	arable fields conventional floristic diversity flowering diversity organic smallholder farmland Ecology QH540-549.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5b7220fe28014f34b83407cdebfe6b15
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5b7220fe28014f34b83407cdebfe6b152021-11-08T17:10:41ZEffects of cultivation practice on floristic and flowering diversity of spontaneously growing plant species on arable fields2045-775810.1002/ece3.8223https://doaj.org/article/5b7220fe28014f34b83407cdebfe6b152021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8223https://doaj.org/toc/2045-7758Abstract In the past, the floristic diversity of arable fields has been described in terms of species diversity (SD) and their degree of coverage (C), but never in combination with the recording of the actually flowered species (FS) and their flowering intensity (FI) to striking differences in the cultivation methods on arable land. In relation to SD and C, however, FS and FI may provide important additional information on the functional biodiversity of fields. The aim was therefore to investigate the effects of (a) conventional, (b) organic, and (c) smallholder (never application of herbicides) on the floristic diversity. Using a region in Germany, we investigated SD, C, FS, and FI synchronously in (a), (b), and (c), by 356 vegetation surveys (5 × 5 m plots) conducted in spring and summer in 2019 in winter cereals. Statistical tests were used to analyze the differences between (a), (b), and (c). The medians were used to compare the floristic diversity of (a), (b), and (c) and finally relationships of FS and FI to SD were analyzed in relation to the cultivation methods. Significant differences in SD, C, FS, and FI were found between the (a), (b), and (c) in spring and summer characterized by sharp declines from (c) to (b) to (a). A drastic reduction in floristic diversity from (c) 100 to (b) 52 to (a) 3 was determined. Plants in flower (FS, FI) were very poorly in (a), moderately well to well in (b), and well to very well represented in (c). (C) to (a) was characterized by a sharp decline and from (a) to (b) by sharp increase in floristic diversity. With current acreage proportions of (a) in mind, this would affect, about one third of land area in Germany, associated with a drastic reduction in functional biodiversity for insects.Jörg HoffmannTim WahrenbergWileyarticlearable fieldsconventionalfloristic diversityflowering diversityorganicsmallholder farmlandEcologyQH540-549.5ENEcology and Evolution, Vol 11, Iss 21, Pp 15351-15363 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	arable fields conventional floristic diversity flowering diversity organic smallholder farmland Ecology QH540-549.5
spellingShingle	arable fields conventional floristic diversity flowering diversity organic smallholder farmland Ecology QH540-549.5 Jörg Hoffmann Tim Wahrenberg Effects of cultivation practice on floristic and flowering diversity of spontaneously growing plant species on arable fields
description	Abstract In the past, the floristic diversity of arable fields has been described in terms of species diversity (SD) and their degree of coverage (C), but never in combination with the recording of the actually flowered species (FS) and their flowering intensity (FI) to striking differences in the cultivation methods on arable land. In relation to SD and C, however, FS and FI may provide important additional information on the functional biodiversity of fields. The aim was therefore to investigate the effects of (a) conventional, (b) organic, and (c) smallholder (never application of herbicides) on the floristic diversity. Using a region in Germany, we investigated SD, C, FS, and FI synchronously in (a), (b), and (c), by 356 vegetation surveys (5 × 5 m plots) conducted in spring and summer in 2019 in winter cereals. Statistical tests were used to analyze the differences between (a), (b), and (c). The medians were used to compare the floristic diversity of (a), (b), and (c) and finally relationships of FS and FI to SD were analyzed in relation to the cultivation methods. Significant differences in SD, C, FS, and FI were found between the (a), (b), and (c) in spring and summer characterized by sharp declines from (c) to (b) to (a). A drastic reduction in floristic diversity from (c) 100 to (b) 52 to (a) 3 was determined. Plants in flower (FS, FI) were very poorly in (a), moderately well to well in (b), and well to very well represented in (c). (C) to (a) was characterized by a sharp decline and from (a) to (b) by sharp increase in floristic diversity. With current acreage proportions of (a) in mind, this would affect, about one third of land area in Germany, associated with a drastic reduction in functional biodiversity for insects.
format	article
author	Jörg Hoffmann Tim Wahrenberg
author_facet	Jörg Hoffmann Tim Wahrenberg
author_sort	Jörg Hoffmann
title	Effects of cultivation practice on floristic and flowering diversity of spontaneously growing plant species on arable fields
title_short	Effects of cultivation practice on floristic and flowering diversity of spontaneously growing plant species on arable fields
title_full	Effects of cultivation practice on floristic and flowering diversity of spontaneously growing plant species on arable fields
title_fullStr	Effects of cultivation practice on floristic and flowering diversity of spontaneously growing plant species on arable fields
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of cultivation practice on floristic and flowering diversity of spontaneously growing plant species on arable fields
title_sort	effects of cultivation practice on floristic and flowering diversity of spontaneously growing plant species on arable fields
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5b7220fe28014f34b83407cdebfe6b15
work_keys_str_mv	AT jorghoffmann effectsofcultivationpracticeonfloristicandfloweringdiversityofspontaneouslygrowingplantspeciesonarablefields AT timwahrenberg effectsofcultivationpracticeonfloristicandfloweringdiversityofspontaneouslygrowingplantspeciesonarablefields
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Effects of cultivation practice on floristic and flowering diversity of spontaneously growing plant species on arable fields

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