Urbanization Affects Soil Microbiome Profile Distribution in the Russian Arctic Region

Urbanization in the Arctic results in considerable and still poorly known environmental consequences. The effect of urbanization on soil microbiome—an ecosystem component highly sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance—remains overlooked for the Arctic region. The research compared chemical and microb...

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Autores principales:	Maria V. Korneykova, Viacheslav I. Vasenev, Dmitry A. Nikitin, Anastasia S. Soshina, Andrey V. Dolgikh, Yulia L. Sotnikova
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	prokaryotes fungi biomass quantitative PCR soil profile urban ecosystems Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5b72f9b2d1934f84ba038367138f1dd2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5b72f9b2d1934f84ba038367138f1dd22021-11-11T16:45:39ZUrbanization Affects Soil Microbiome Profile Distribution in the Russian Arctic Region10.3390/ijerph1821116651660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/5b72f9b2d1934f84ba038367138f1dd22021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11665https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Urbanization in the Arctic results in considerable and still poorly known environmental consequences. The effect of urbanization on soil microbiome—an ecosystem component highly sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance—remains overlooked for the Arctic region. The research compared chemical and microbial properties of the natural Podzol soils and urban soils of Murmansk—the largest Arctic city. Particular attention was given to the profile distribution, which is almost completely ignored by most microbial studies. Soil microbiome was investigated by the quantitative indicators based on fluorescence microscopy (microbial biomass) and PCR real-time methods (amount of rRNA genes copies of archaea, bacteria, and fungi). The principal changes in urban soils’ properties compared to the natural references included a shift in pH and an increase in C and nutrients’ contents, especially remarkable for the subsoil. The numbers of rRNA genes copies of archaea, bacteria, and fungi in urban topsoils (10<sup>6</sup>–10<sup>10</sup>, 10<sup>9</sup>–10<sup>10</sup>, and 10<sup>7</sup>–10<sup>9</sup>, respectively) were lower than in Podzol; however, the opposite pattern was shown for the subsoil. Similarly, the total microbial biomass in urban topsoils (0.55–0.75 mg g<sup>−1</sup>) was lower compared to the 1.02 mg g<sup>−1</sup> in Podzols, while urban subsoil microbial biomass was 2–2.5 times higher than in the natural conditions. Both for urban and natural soils and throughout the profiles, fungi were dominated by mycelium forms; however, the ratios of mycelium–spores were lower, and the amount of thin mycelium was higher in urban soils than in natural Podzols. Urbanization in the Arctic altered soil morphological and chemical properties and created a new niche for microbial development in urban subsoils; its contribution to biodiversity and nutrient cycling promises to become increasingly important under projected climate change.Maria V. KorneykovaViacheslav I. VasenevDmitry A. NikitinAnastasia S. SoshinaAndrey V. DolgikhYulia L. SotnikovaMDPI AGarticleprokaryotesfungibiomassquantitative PCRsoil profileurban ecosystemsMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11665, p 11665 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	prokaryotes fungi biomass quantitative PCR soil profile urban ecosystems Medicine R
spellingShingle	prokaryotes fungi biomass quantitative PCR soil profile urban ecosystems Medicine R Maria V. Korneykova Viacheslav I. Vasenev Dmitry A. Nikitin Anastasia S. Soshina Andrey V. Dolgikh Yulia L. Sotnikova Urbanization Affects Soil Microbiome Profile Distribution in the Russian Arctic Region
description	Urbanization in the Arctic results in considerable and still poorly known environmental consequences. The effect of urbanization on soil microbiome—an ecosystem component highly sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance—remains overlooked for the Arctic region. The research compared chemical and microbial properties of the natural Podzol soils and urban soils of Murmansk—the largest Arctic city. Particular attention was given to the profile distribution, which is almost completely ignored by most microbial studies. Soil microbiome was investigated by the quantitative indicators based on fluorescence microscopy (microbial biomass) and PCR real-time methods (amount of rRNA genes copies of archaea, bacteria, and fungi). The principal changes in urban soils’ properties compared to the natural references included a shift in pH and an increase in C and nutrients’ contents, especially remarkable for the subsoil. The numbers of rRNA genes copies of archaea, bacteria, and fungi in urban topsoils (10<sup>6</sup>–10<sup>10</sup>, 10<sup>9</sup>–10<sup>10</sup>, and 10<sup>7</sup>–10<sup>9</sup>, respectively) were lower than in Podzol; however, the opposite pattern was shown for the subsoil. Similarly, the total microbial biomass in urban topsoils (0.55–0.75 mg g<sup>−1</sup>) was lower compared to the 1.02 mg g<sup>−1</sup> in Podzols, while urban subsoil microbial biomass was 2–2.5 times higher than in the natural conditions. Both for urban and natural soils and throughout the profiles, fungi were dominated by mycelium forms; however, the ratios of mycelium–spores were lower, and the amount of thin mycelium was higher in urban soils than in natural Podzols. Urbanization in the Arctic altered soil morphological and chemical properties and created a new niche for microbial development in urban subsoils; its contribution to biodiversity and nutrient cycling promises to become increasingly important under projected climate change.
format	article
author	Maria V. Korneykova Viacheslav I. Vasenev Dmitry A. Nikitin Anastasia S. Soshina Andrey V. Dolgikh Yulia L. Sotnikova
author_facet	Maria V. Korneykova Viacheslav I. Vasenev Dmitry A. Nikitin Anastasia S. Soshina Andrey V. Dolgikh Yulia L. Sotnikova
author_sort	Maria V. Korneykova
title	Urbanization Affects Soil Microbiome Profile Distribution in the Russian Arctic Region
title_short	Urbanization Affects Soil Microbiome Profile Distribution in the Russian Arctic Region
title_full	Urbanization Affects Soil Microbiome Profile Distribution in the Russian Arctic Region
title_fullStr	Urbanization Affects Soil Microbiome Profile Distribution in the Russian Arctic Region
title_full_unstemmed	Urbanization Affects Soil Microbiome Profile Distribution in the Russian Arctic Region
title_sort	urbanization affects soil microbiome profile distribution in the russian arctic region
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5b72f9b2d1934f84ba038367138f1dd2
work_keys_str_mv	AT mariavkorneykova urbanizationaffectssoilmicrobiomeprofiledistributionintherussianarcticregion AT viacheslavivasenev urbanizationaffectssoilmicrobiomeprofiledistributionintherussianarcticregion AT dmitryanikitin urbanizationaffectssoilmicrobiomeprofiledistributionintherussianarcticregion AT anastasiassoshina urbanizationaffectssoilmicrobiomeprofiledistributionintherussianarcticregion AT andreyvdolgikh urbanizationaffectssoilmicrobiomeprofiledistributionintherussianarcticregion AT yulialsotnikova urbanizationaffectssoilmicrobiomeprofiledistributionintherussianarcticregion
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Urbanization Affects Soil Microbiome Profile Distribution in the Russian Arctic Region

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