Application of Deep Learning Models for Automated Identification of Parkinson’s Disease: A Review (2011–2021)

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting over 6 million people globally. Although there are symptomatic treatments that can increase the survivability of the disease, there are no curative treatments. The prevalence of PD and disability-adjusted life ye...

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Autores principales: Hui Wen Loh, Wanrong Hong, Chui Ping Ooi, Subrata Chakraborty, Prabal Datta Barua, Ravinesh C. Deo, Jeffrey Soar, Elizabeth E. Palmer, U. Rajendra Acharya
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Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
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MRI
Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/5b74bde7b8b4494c81f17c469202c55b
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:5b74bde7b8b4494c81f17c469202c55b2021-11-11T19:03:56ZApplication of Deep Learning Models for Automated Identification of Parkinson’s Disease: A Review (2011–2021)10.3390/s212170341424-8220https://doaj.org/article/5b74bde7b8b4494c81f17c469202c55b2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7034https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting over 6 million people globally. Although there are symptomatic treatments that can increase the survivability of the disease, there are no curative treatments. The prevalence of PD and disability-adjusted life years continue to increase steadily, leading to a growing burden on patients, their families, society and the economy. Dopaminergic medications can significantly slow down the progression of PD when applied during the early stages. However, these treatments often become less effective with the disease progression. Early diagnosis of PD is crucial for immediate interventions so that the patients can remain self-sufficient for the longest period of time possible. Unfortunately, diagnoses are often late, due to factors such as a global shortage of neurologists skilled in early PD diagnosis. Computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) tools, based on artificial intelligence methods, that can perform automated diagnosis of PD, are gaining attention from healthcare services. In this review, we have identified 63 studies published between January 2011 and July 2021, that proposed deep learning models for an automated diagnosis of PD, using various types of modalities like brain analysis (SPECT, PET, MRI and EEG), and motion symptoms (gait, handwriting, speech and EMG). From these studies, we identify the best performing deep learning model reported for each modality and highlight the current limitations that are hindering the adoption of such CAD tools in healthcare. Finally, we propose new directions to further the studies on deep learning in the automated detection of PD, in the hopes of improving the utility, applicability and impact of such tools to improve early detection of PD globally.Hui Wen LohWanrong HongChui Ping OoiSubrata ChakrabortyPrabal Datta BaruaRavinesh C. DeoJeffrey SoarElizabeth E. PalmerU. Rajendra AcharyaMDPI AGarticleParkinson’s disease (PD)deep learningcomputer-aided diagnosis (CAD)SPECTPETMRIChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7034, p 7034 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Parkinson’s disease (PD)
deep learning
computer-aided diagnosis (CAD)
SPECT
PET
MRI
Chemical technology
TP1-1185
spellingShingle Parkinson’s disease (PD)
deep learning
computer-aided diagnosis (CAD)
SPECT
PET
MRI
Chemical technology
TP1-1185
Hui Wen Loh
Wanrong Hong
Chui Ping Ooi
Subrata Chakraborty
Prabal Datta Barua
Ravinesh C. Deo
Jeffrey Soar
Elizabeth E. Palmer
U. Rajendra Acharya
Application of Deep Learning Models for Automated Identification of Parkinson’s Disease: A Review (2011–2021)
description Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting over 6 million people globally. Although there are symptomatic treatments that can increase the survivability of the disease, there are no curative treatments. The prevalence of PD and disability-adjusted life years continue to increase steadily, leading to a growing burden on patients, their families, society and the economy. Dopaminergic medications can significantly slow down the progression of PD when applied during the early stages. However, these treatments often become less effective with the disease progression. Early diagnosis of PD is crucial for immediate interventions so that the patients can remain self-sufficient for the longest period of time possible. Unfortunately, diagnoses are often late, due to factors such as a global shortage of neurologists skilled in early PD diagnosis. Computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) tools, based on artificial intelligence methods, that can perform automated diagnosis of PD, are gaining attention from healthcare services. In this review, we have identified 63 studies published between January 2011 and July 2021, that proposed deep learning models for an automated diagnosis of PD, using various types of modalities like brain analysis (SPECT, PET, MRI and EEG), and motion symptoms (gait, handwriting, speech and EMG). From these studies, we identify the best performing deep learning model reported for each modality and highlight the current limitations that are hindering the adoption of such CAD tools in healthcare. Finally, we propose new directions to further the studies on deep learning in the automated detection of PD, in the hopes of improving the utility, applicability and impact of such tools to improve early detection of PD globally.
format article
author Hui Wen Loh
Wanrong Hong
Chui Ping Ooi
Subrata Chakraborty
Prabal Datta Barua
Ravinesh C. Deo
Jeffrey Soar
Elizabeth E. Palmer
U. Rajendra Acharya
author_facet Hui Wen Loh
Wanrong Hong
Chui Ping Ooi
Subrata Chakraborty
Prabal Datta Barua
Ravinesh C. Deo
Jeffrey Soar
Elizabeth E. Palmer
U. Rajendra Acharya
author_sort Hui Wen Loh
title Application of Deep Learning Models for Automated Identification of Parkinson’s Disease: A Review (2011–2021)
title_short Application of Deep Learning Models for Automated Identification of Parkinson’s Disease: A Review (2011–2021)
title_full Application of Deep Learning Models for Automated Identification of Parkinson’s Disease: A Review (2011–2021)
title_fullStr Application of Deep Learning Models for Automated Identification of Parkinson’s Disease: A Review (2011–2021)
title_full_unstemmed Application of Deep Learning Models for Automated Identification of Parkinson’s Disease: A Review (2011–2021)
title_sort application of deep learning models for automated identification of parkinson’s disease: a review (2011–2021)
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/5b74bde7b8b4494c81f17c469202c55b
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