A Bioengineered Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Platform Integrated with Microfluidics To Address Antimicrobial Resistance in Tuberculosis

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial resistance presents one of the most significant threats to human health, with the emergence of totally drug-resistant organisms. We have combined bioengineering, genetically modified bacteria, longitudinal readouts, and fluidics to develop a transformative platform to address...

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Autores principales:	Magdalena K. Bielecka, Liku B. Tezera, Robert Zmijan, Francis Drobniewski, Xunli Zhang, Suwan Jayasinghe, Paul Elkington
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2017
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5b8baf744e83485ab3f497f812fb1e62
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5b8baf744e83485ab3f497f812fb1e622021-11-15T15:51:06ZA Bioengineered Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Platform Integrated with Microfluidics To Address Antimicrobial Resistance in Tuberculosis10.1128/mBio.02073-162150-7511https://doaj.org/article/5b8baf744e83485ab3f497f812fb1e622017-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.02073-16https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Antimicrobial resistance presents one of the most significant threats to human health, with the emergence of totally drug-resistant organisms. We have combined bioengineering, genetically modified bacteria, longitudinal readouts, and fluidics to develop a transformative platform to address the drug development bottleneck, utilizing Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the model organism. We generated microspheres incorporating virulent reporter bacilli, primary human cells, and an extracellular matrix by using bioelectrospray methodology. Granulomas form within the three-dimensional matrix, and mycobacterial stress genes are upregulated. Pyrazinamide, a vital first-line antibiotic for treating human tuberculosis, kills M. tuberculosis in a three-dimensional culture but not in a standard two-dimensional culture or Middlebrook 7H9 broth, demonstrating that antibiotic sensitivity within microspheres reflects conditions in patients. We then performed pharmacokinetic modeling by combining the microsphere system with a microfluidic plate and demonstrated that we can model the effect of dynamic antibiotic concentrations on mycobacterial killing. The microsphere system is highly tractable, permitting variation of cell content, the extracellular matrix, sphere size, the infectious dose, and the surrounding medium with the potential to address a wide array of human infections and the threat of antimicrobial resistance. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance is a major global threat, and an emerging concept is that infection should be studied in the context of host immune cells. Tuberculosis is a chronic infection that kills over a million people every year and is becoming progressively more resistant to antibiotics. Recent major studies of shorter treatment or new vaccination approaches have not been successful, demonstrating that transformative technologies are required to control tuberculosis. We have developed an entirely new system to study the infection of host cells in a three-dimensional matrix by using bioengineering. We showed that antibiotics that work in patients are effective in this microsphere system but not in standard infection systems. We then combined microspheres with microfluidics to model drug concentration changes in patients and demonstrate the effect of increasing antibiotic concentrations on bacterial survival. This system can be widely applied to address the threat of antimicrobial resistance and develop new treatments.Magdalena K. BieleckaLiku B. TezeraRobert ZmijanFrancis DrobniewskiXunli ZhangSuwan JayasinghePaul ElkingtonAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 8, Iss 1 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Magdalena K. Bielecka Liku B. Tezera Robert Zmijan Francis Drobniewski Xunli Zhang Suwan Jayasinghe Paul Elkington A Bioengineered Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Platform Integrated with Microfluidics To Address Antimicrobial Resistance in Tuberculosis
description	ABSTRACT Antimicrobial resistance presents one of the most significant threats to human health, with the emergence of totally drug-resistant organisms. We have combined bioengineering, genetically modified bacteria, longitudinal readouts, and fluidics to develop a transformative platform to address the drug development bottleneck, utilizing Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the model organism. We generated microspheres incorporating virulent reporter bacilli, primary human cells, and an extracellular matrix by using bioelectrospray methodology. Granulomas form within the three-dimensional matrix, and mycobacterial stress genes are upregulated. Pyrazinamide, a vital first-line antibiotic for treating human tuberculosis, kills M. tuberculosis in a three-dimensional culture but not in a standard two-dimensional culture or Middlebrook 7H9 broth, demonstrating that antibiotic sensitivity within microspheres reflects conditions in patients. We then performed pharmacokinetic modeling by combining the microsphere system with a microfluidic plate and demonstrated that we can model the effect of dynamic antibiotic concentrations on mycobacterial killing. The microsphere system is highly tractable, permitting variation of cell content, the extracellular matrix, sphere size, the infectious dose, and the surrounding medium with the potential to address a wide array of human infections and the threat of antimicrobial resistance. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance is a major global threat, and an emerging concept is that infection should be studied in the context of host immune cells. Tuberculosis is a chronic infection that kills over a million people every year and is becoming progressively more resistant to antibiotics. Recent major studies of shorter treatment or new vaccination approaches have not been successful, demonstrating that transformative technologies are required to control tuberculosis. We have developed an entirely new system to study the infection of host cells in a three-dimensional matrix by using bioengineering. We showed that antibiotics that work in patients are effective in this microsphere system but not in standard infection systems. We then combined microspheres with microfluidics to model drug concentration changes in patients and demonstrate the effect of increasing antibiotic concentrations on bacterial survival. This system can be widely applied to address the threat of antimicrobial resistance and develop new treatments.
format	article
author	Magdalena K. Bielecka Liku B. Tezera Robert Zmijan Francis Drobniewski Xunli Zhang Suwan Jayasinghe Paul Elkington
author_facet	Magdalena K. Bielecka Liku B. Tezera Robert Zmijan Francis Drobniewski Xunli Zhang Suwan Jayasinghe Paul Elkington
author_sort	Magdalena K. Bielecka
title	A Bioengineered Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Platform Integrated with Microfluidics To Address Antimicrobial Resistance in Tuberculosis
title_short	A Bioengineered Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Platform Integrated with Microfluidics To Address Antimicrobial Resistance in Tuberculosis
title_full	A Bioengineered Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Platform Integrated with Microfluidics To Address Antimicrobial Resistance in Tuberculosis
title_fullStr	A Bioengineered Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Platform Integrated with Microfluidics To Address Antimicrobial Resistance in Tuberculosis
title_full_unstemmed	A Bioengineered Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Platform Integrated with Microfluidics To Address Antimicrobial Resistance in Tuberculosis
title_sort	bioengineered three-dimensional cell culture platform integrated with microfluidics to address antimicrobial resistance in tuberculosis
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/5b8baf744e83485ab3f497f812fb1e62
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A Bioengineered Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Platform Integrated with Microfluidics To Address Antimicrobial Resistance in Tuberculosis

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