<i>Paramecium bursaria</i>—A Complex of Five Cryptic Species: Mitochondrial DNA <i>COI</i> Haplotype Variation and Biogeographic Distribution

Ciliates are a diverse protistan group and many consist of cryptic species complexes whose members may be restricted to particular biogeographic locations. Mitochondrial genes, characterized by a high resolution for closely related species, were applied to identify new species and to distinguish clo...

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Main Authors:	Magdalena Greczek-Stachura, Maria Rautian, Sebastian Tarcz
Format:	article
Language:	EN
Published:	MDPI AG 2021
Subjects:	ciliate protists cryptic species <i>Paramecium bursaria</i> complex biogeography <i>COI</i> haplotype variability Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Online Access:	https://doaj.org/article/5baf9be21a1d4f02ba8fee0cdc9ad56a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5baf9be21a1d4f02ba8fee0cdc9ad56a2021-11-25T17:22:56Z<i>Paramecium bursaria</i>—A Complex of Five Cryptic Species: Mitochondrial DNA <i>COI</i> Haplotype Variation and Biogeographic Distribution10.3390/d131105891424-2818https://doaj.org/article/5baf9be21a1d4f02ba8fee0cdc9ad56a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/13/11/589https://doaj.org/toc/1424-2818Ciliates are a diverse protistan group and many consist of cryptic species complexes whose members may be restricted to particular biogeographic locations. Mitochondrial genes, characterized by a high resolution for closely related species, were applied to identify new species and to distinguish closely related morphospecies. In the current study, we analyzed 132 sequences of <i>COI</i> mtDNA fragments obtained from <i>P. bursaria</i> species collected worldwide. The results allowed, for the first time, to generate a network of <i>COI</i> haplotypes and demonstrate the relationships between <i>P. bursaria</i> strains, as well as to confirm the existence of five reproductively isolated haplogroups. The <i>P. bursaria</i> haplogroups identified in the present study correspond to previously reported syngens (R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5), thus we decided to propose the following binominal names for each of them: <i>P. primabursaria</i>, <i>P. bibursaria</i>, <i>P. tribursaria</i>, <i>P. tetrabursaria</i>, and <i>P. pentabursaria,</i> respectively. The phylogeographic distribution of <i>P. bursaria</i> species showed that <i>P. primabursaria</i> and <i>P. bibursaria</i> were strictly Eurasian, except for two South Australian <i>P. bibursaria</i> strains. <i>P. tribursaria</i> was found mainly in Eastern Asia, in two stands in Europe and in North America. In turn, <i>P. tetrabursaria</i> was restricted to the USA territory, whereas <i>P. pentabursaria</i> was found in two European localities.Magdalena Greczek-StachuraMaria RautianSebastian TarczMDPI AGarticleciliate protistscryptic species<i>Paramecium bursaria</i> complexbiogeography<i>COI</i> haplotype variabilityBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENDiversity, Vol 13, Iss 589, p 589 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ciliate protists cryptic species <i>Paramecium bursaria</i> complex biogeography <i>COI</i> haplotype variability Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	ciliate protists cryptic species <i>Paramecium bursaria</i> complex biogeography <i>COI</i> haplotype variability Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Magdalena Greczek-Stachura Maria Rautian Sebastian Tarcz <i>Paramecium bursaria</i>—A Complex of Five Cryptic Species: Mitochondrial DNA <i>COI</i> Haplotype Variation and Biogeographic Distribution
description	Ciliates are a diverse protistan group and many consist of cryptic species complexes whose members may be restricted to particular biogeographic locations. Mitochondrial genes, characterized by a high resolution for closely related species, were applied to identify new species and to distinguish closely related morphospecies. In the current study, we analyzed 132 sequences of <i>COI</i> mtDNA fragments obtained from <i>P. bursaria</i> species collected worldwide. The results allowed, for the first time, to generate a network of <i>COI</i> haplotypes and demonstrate the relationships between <i>P. bursaria</i> strains, as well as to confirm the existence of five reproductively isolated haplogroups. The <i>P. bursaria</i> haplogroups identified in the present study correspond to previously reported syngens (R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5), thus we decided to propose the following binominal names for each of them: <i>P. primabursaria</i>, <i>P. bibursaria</i>, <i>P. tribursaria</i>, <i>P. tetrabursaria</i>, and <i>P. pentabursaria,</i> respectively. The phylogeographic distribution of <i>P. bursaria</i> species showed that <i>P. primabursaria</i> and <i>P. bibursaria</i> were strictly Eurasian, except for two South Australian <i>P. bibursaria</i> strains. <i>P. tribursaria</i> was found mainly in Eastern Asia, in two stands in Europe and in North America. In turn, <i>P. tetrabursaria</i> was restricted to the USA territory, whereas <i>P. pentabursaria</i> was found in two European localities.
format	article
author	Magdalena Greczek-Stachura Maria Rautian Sebastian Tarcz
author_facet	Magdalena Greczek-Stachura Maria Rautian Sebastian Tarcz
author_sort	Magdalena Greczek-Stachura
title	<i>Paramecium bursaria</i>—A Complex of Five Cryptic Species: Mitochondrial DNA <i>COI</i> Haplotype Variation and Biogeographic Distribution
title_short	<i>Paramecium bursaria</i>—A Complex of Five Cryptic Species: Mitochondrial DNA <i>COI</i> Haplotype Variation and Biogeographic Distribution
title_full	<i>Paramecium bursaria</i>—A Complex of Five Cryptic Species: Mitochondrial DNA <i>COI</i> Haplotype Variation and Biogeographic Distribution
title_fullStr	<i>Paramecium bursaria</i>—A Complex of Five Cryptic Species: Mitochondrial DNA <i>COI</i> Haplotype Variation and Biogeographic Distribution
title_full_unstemmed	<i>Paramecium bursaria</i>—A Complex of Five Cryptic Species: Mitochondrial DNA <i>COI</i> Haplotype Variation and Biogeographic Distribution
title_sort	<i>paramecium bursaria</i>—a complex of five cryptic species: mitochondrial dna <i>coi</i> haplotype variation and biogeographic distribution
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5baf9be21a1d4f02ba8fee0cdc9ad56a
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_version_	1718412408660164608

<i>Paramecium bursaria</i>—A Complex of Five Cryptic Species: Mitochondrial DNA <i>COI</i> Haplotype Variation and Biogeographic Distribution

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