Utilization of Soot and 210 Po-210 Pb Disequilibria to Constrain Particulate Organic Carbon Fluxes in the Northeastern South China Sea

Black carbon (BC) is believed to be refractory and thus affects the timescale of organic carbon conversion into CO2 and the magnitude of the sink of CO2. However, the fate of BC in the oceans remains poorly understood. Here, 210Po and 210Pb were measured to examine the export of soot in the northeas...

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Autores principales:	Weifeng Yang, Xiufeng Zhao, Laodong Guo, Bangqin Huang, Min Chen, Ziming Fang, Xiao Zhang, Yusheng Qiu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	soot polonium South China Sea twilight zone black carbon biological pump efficiency Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5bb615f3f1ab46a88d38edae4cb8aace
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5bb615f3f1ab46a88d38edae4cb8aace2021-11-10T05:42:44ZUtilization of Soot and 210 Po-210 Pb Disequilibria to Constrain Particulate Organic Carbon Fluxes in the Northeastern South China Sea2296-774510.3389/fmars.2021.694428https://doaj.org/article/5bb615f3f1ab46a88d38edae4cb8aace2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.694428/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745Black carbon (BC) is believed to be refractory and thus affects the timescale of organic carbon conversion into CO2 and the magnitude of the sink of CO2. However, the fate of BC in the oceans remains poorly understood. Here, 210Po and 210Pb were measured to examine the export of soot in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS). Concentrations of soot decreased from 0.141 ± 0.021 μmol-C L–1 (mean ± SD) in the mixed layer (0–30 m) to 0.087 μmol-C L–1 at the euphotic base (150 m) due to potential photodegradation within the euphotic zone. In the twilight zone, however, the soot showed an increasing pattern along with the total particulate matter and total particulate organic carbon (POC) contents, corresponding to additions from the shelf/slope sediment resuspension through lateral transport. Using the deficits of 210Po, the export flux of soot from the euphotic zone was calculated to be 0.172 ± 0.016 mmol-C m–2 d–1 and increased with depth. Assuming that the soot is entirely refractory below the euphotic zone, the sediment-derived soot fluxes were estimated based on the increase in soot fluxes relative to the base of the euphotic zone, with values varying from 0.149 ± 0.030 to 0.96 ± 0.10 μmol-C L–1. This indicates that sediment resuspension is an important source of soot to the ocean interior in the SCS. Coupling the sediment-derived soot and 210Po-derived POC fluxes gave rise to a Martin Curve-like flux attenuation of local euphotic zone-derived POC in the twilight zone with b value of 0.70 ± 0.01. These results suggest that soot could be useful for constraining in situ POC fluxes and their transport.Weifeng YangWeifeng YangXiufeng ZhaoXiufeng ZhaoLaodong GuoBangqin HuangBangqin HuangMin ChenZiming FangXiao ZhangYusheng QiuFrontiers Media S.A.articlesootpoloniumSouth China Seatwilight zoneblack carbonbiological pump efficiencyScienceQGeneral. Including nature conservation, geographical distributionQH1-199.5ENFrontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	soot polonium South China Sea twilight zone black carbon biological pump efficiency Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
spellingShingle	soot polonium South China Sea twilight zone black carbon biological pump efficiency Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Weifeng Yang Weifeng Yang Xiufeng Zhao Xiufeng Zhao Laodong Guo Bangqin Huang Bangqin Huang Min Chen Ziming Fang Xiao Zhang Yusheng Qiu Utilization of Soot and 210 Po-210 Pb Disequilibria to Constrain Particulate Organic Carbon Fluxes in the Northeastern South China Sea
description	Black carbon (BC) is believed to be refractory and thus affects the timescale of organic carbon conversion into CO2 and the magnitude of the sink of CO2. However, the fate of BC in the oceans remains poorly understood. Here, 210Po and 210Pb were measured to examine the export of soot in the northeastern South China Sea (SCS). Concentrations of soot decreased from 0.141 ± 0.021 μmol-C L–1 (mean ± SD) in the mixed layer (0–30 m) to 0.087 μmol-C L–1 at the euphotic base (150 m) due to potential photodegradation within the euphotic zone. In the twilight zone, however, the soot showed an increasing pattern along with the total particulate matter and total particulate organic carbon (POC) contents, corresponding to additions from the shelf/slope sediment resuspension through lateral transport. Using the deficits of 210Po, the export flux of soot from the euphotic zone was calculated to be 0.172 ± 0.016 mmol-C m–2 d–1 and increased with depth. Assuming that the soot is entirely refractory below the euphotic zone, the sediment-derived soot fluxes were estimated based on the increase in soot fluxes relative to the base of the euphotic zone, with values varying from 0.149 ± 0.030 to 0.96 ± 0.10 μmol-C L–1. This indicates that sediment resuspension is an important source of soot to the ocean interior in the SCS. Coupling the sediment-derived soot and 210Po-derived POC fluxes gave rise to a Martin Curve-like flux attenuation of local euphotic zone-derived POC in the twilight zone with b value of 0.70 ± 0.01. These results suggest that soot could be useful for constraining in situ POC fluxes and their transport.
format	article
author	Weifeng Yang Weifeng Yang Xiufeng Zhao Xiufeng Zhao Laodong Guo Bangqin Huang Bangqin Huang Min Chen Ziming Fang Xiao Zhang Yusheng Qiu
author_facet	Weifeng Yang Weifeng Yang Xiufeng Zhao Xiufeng Zhao Laodong Guo Bangqin Huang Bangqin Huang Min Chen Ziming Fang Xiao Zhang Yusheng Qiu
author_sort	Weifeng Yang
title	Utilization of Soot and 210 Po-210 Pb Disequilibria to Constrain Particulate Organic Carbon Fluxes in the Northeastern South China Sea
title_short	Utilization of Soot and 210 Po-210 Pb Disequilibria to Constrain Particulate Organic Carbon Fluxes in the Northeastern South China Sea
title_full	Utilization of Soot and 210 Po-210 Pb Disequilibria to Constrain Particulate Organic Carbon Fluxes in the Northeastern South China Sea
title_fullStr	Utilization of Soot and 210 Po-210 Pb Disequilibria to Constrain Particulate Organic Carbon Fluxes in the Northeastern South China Sea
title_full_unstemmed	Utilization of Soot and 210 Po-210 Pb Disequilibria to Constrain Particulate Organic Carbon Fluxes in the Northeastern South China Sea
title_sort	utilization of soot and 210 po-210 pb disequilibria to constrain particulate organic carbon fluxes in the northeastern south china sea
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5bb615f3f1ab46a88d38edae4cb8aace
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Utilization of Soot and 210 Po-210 Pb Disequilibria to Constrain Particulate Organic Carbon Fluxes in the Northeastern South China Sea

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