Was the giant short-faced bear a hyper-scavenger? A new approach to the dietary study of ursids using dental microwear textures.

Dramatic environmental changes associated with global cooling since the late Miocene, and the onset of glacial-interglacial cycles in the Pleistocene served as a backdrop to the evolutionary radiation of modern bears (family Ursidae). These environmental changes likely prompted changes in food avail...

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Autores principales:	Shelly L Donohue, Larisa R G DeSantis, Blaine W Schubert, Peter S Ungar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5bdb98e154d8426a84a9c5bb8b5e5705
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5bdb98e154d8426a84a9c5bb8b5e57052021-11-18T08:49:01ZWas the giant short-faced bear a hyper-scavenger? A new approach to the dietary study of ursids using dental microwear textures.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0077531https://doaj.org/article/5bdb98e154d8426a84a9c5bb8b5e57052013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24204860/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Dramatic environmental changes associated with global cooling since the late Miocene, and the onset of glacial-interglacial cycles in the Pleistocene served as a backdrop to the evolutionary radiation of modern bears (family Ursidae). These environmental changes likely prompted changes in food availability, and triggered dietary adaptations that served as motive forces in ursid evolution. Here, we assess correspondence of dental microwear textures of first and second lower molars with diet in extant ursids. We use the resulting baseline data to evaluate the hypothesis that the Pleistocene giant short-faced bear, Arctodus simus, was a bone consumer and hyper-scavenger at Rancho La Brea, California, USA. Significant variation along the tooth row is consistent with functional differentiation, with the second molar serving as a better dietary recorder than the first. Results evince significant variation among species: carnivorous and omnivorous ursids (Ursus maritimus, U. americanus) have significantly higher and more variable complexity (Asfc) than more herbivorous ones (Ailuropoda melanoleuca, Tremarctos ornatus, U. malayanus), and A. melanoleuca is differentiated from U. maritimus and U. americanus by significantly higher and more variable anisotropy (epLsar) values. Arctodus simus from Rancho La Brea exhibits wear attributes most comparable to its closest living relative (T. ornatus), which is inconsistent with hard-object (e.g., bone) consumption, and the hypothesis that short-faced bears were bone consuming hyper-scavengers across their range.Shelly L DonohueLarisa R G DeSantisBlaine W SchubertPeter S UngarPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 10, p e77531 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Shelly L Donohue Larisa R G DeSantis Blaine W Schubert Peter S Ungar Was the giant short-faced bear a hyper-scavenger? A new approach to the dietary study of ursids using dental microwear textures.
description	Dramatic environmental changes associated with global cooling since the late Miocene, and the onset of glacial-interglacial cycles in the Pleistocene served as a backdrop to the evolutionary radiation of modern bears (family Ursidae). These environmental changes likely prompted changes in food availability, and triggered dietary adaptations that served as motive forces in ursid evolution. Here, we assess correspondence of dental microwear textures of first and second lower molars with diet in extant ursids. We use the resulting baseline data to evaluate the hypothesis that the Pleistocene giant short-faced bear, Arctodus simus, was a bone consumer and hyper-scavenger at Rancho La Brea, California, USA. Significant variation along the tooth row is consistent with functional differentiation, with the second molar serving as a better dietary recorder than the first. Results evince significant variation among species: carnivorous and omnivorous ursids (Ursus maritimus, U. americanus) have significantly higher and more variable complexity (Asfc) than more herbivorous ones (Ailuropoda melanoleuca, Tremarctos ornatus, U. malayanus), and A. melanoleuca is differentiated from U. maritimus and U. americanus by significantly higher and more variable anisotropy (epLsar) values. Arctodus simus from Rancho La Brea exhibits wear attributes most comparable to its closest living relative (T. ornatus), which is inconsistent with hard-object (e.g., bone) consumption, and the hypothesis that short-faced bears were bone consuming hyper-scavengers across their range.
format	article
author	Shelly L Donohue Larisa R G DeSantis Blaine W Schubert Peter S Ungar
author_facet	Shelly L Donohue Larisa R G DeSantis Blaine W Schubert Peter S Ungar
author_sort	Shelly L Donohue
title	Was the giant short-faced bear a hyper-scavenger? A new approach to the dietary study of ursids using dental microwear textures.
title_short	Was the giant short-faced bear a hyper-scavenger? A new approach to the dietary study of ursids using dental microwear textures.
title_full	Was the giant short-faced bear a hyper-scavenger? A new approach to the dietary study of ursids using dental microwear textures.
title_fullStr	Was the giant short-faced bear a hyper-scavenger? A new approach to the dietary study of ursids using dental microwear textures.
title_full_unstemmed	Was the giant short-faced bear a hyper-scavenger? A new approach to the dietary study of ursids using dental microwear textures.
title_sort	was the giant short-faced bear a hyper-scavenger? a new approach to the dietary study of ursids using dental microwear textures.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/5bdb98e154d8426a84a9c5bb8b5e5705
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Was the giant short-faced bear a hyper-scavenger? A new approach to the dietary study of ursids using dental microwear textures.

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