Regional Emissions Analysis of Light-Duty Battery Electric Vehicles

Light-duty battery electric vehicles (BEVs) can reduce both greenhouse gas (GHG) and criteria air pollutant (CAPs) emissions, when compared to gasoline vehicles. However, research has found that while today’s BEVs typically reduce GHGs, they can increase certain CAPs, though with significant regiona...

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Autores principales:	Andrew Burnham, Zifeng Lu, Michael Wang, Amgad Elgowainy
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	battery electric vehicle life cycle analysis regional generation mix greenhouse gas emissions nitrogen oxides Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5bfc3c894505475f96f14157cdbf0832
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5bfc3c894505475f96f14157cdbf08322021-11-25T16:45:22ZRegional Emissions Analysis of Light-Duty Battery Electric Vehicles10.3390/atmos121114822073-4433https://doaj.org/article/5bfc3c894505475f96f14157cdbf08322021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1482https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433Light-duty battery electric vehicles (BEVs) can reduce both greenhouse gas (GHG) and criteria air pollutant (CAPs) emissions, when compared to gasoline vehicles. However, research has found that while today’s BEVs typically reduce GHGs, they can increase certain CAPs, though with significant regional variability based on the electric grid mix. In addition, the environmental performance of electric and gasoline vehicles is not static, as key factors driving emissions have undergone significant changes recently and are expected to continue to evolve. In this study, we perform a cradle-to-grave life cycle analysis using state-level generation mix and vehicle operation emission data. We generated state-level emission factors using a projection from 2020 to 2050 for three light-duty vehicle types. We found that BEVs currently provide GHG benefits in nearly every state, with the median state’s benefit being between approximately 50% to 60% lower than gasoline counterparts. However, gasoline vehicles currently have lower total NOx, urban NOx, total PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and urban PM<sub>2.5</sub> in 33%; 15%; 70%; and 10% of states, respectively. BEV emissions will decrease in 2050 due to a cleaner grid, but the relative benefits when compared to gasoline vehicles do not change significantly, as gasoline vehicles are also improving over this time.Andrew BurnhamZifeng LuMichael WangAmgad ElgowainyMDPI AGarticlebattery electric vehiclelife cycle analysisregionalgeneration mixgreenhouse gas emissionsnitrogen oxidesMeteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENAtmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1482, p 1482 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	battery electric vehicle life cycle analysis regional generation mix greenhouse gas emissions nitrogen oxides Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
spellingShingle	battery electric vehicle life cycle analysis regional generation mix greenhouse gas emissions nitrogen oxides Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Andrew Burnham Zifeng Lu Michael Wang Amgad Elgowainy Regional Emissions Analysis of Light-Duty Battery Electric Vehicles
description	Light-duty battery electric vehicles (BEVs) can reduce both greenhouse gas (GHG) and criteria air pollutant (CAPs) emissions, when compared to gasoline vehicles. However, research has found that while today’s BEVs typically reduce GHGs, they can increase certain CAPs, though with significant regional variability based on the electric grid mix. In addition, the environmental performance of electric and gasoline vehicles is not static, as key factors driving emissions have undergone significant changes recently and are expected to continue to evolve. In this study, we perform a cradle-to-grave life cycle analysis using state-level generation mix and vehicle operation emission data. We generated state-level emission factors using a projection from 2020 to 2050 for three light-duty vehicle types. We found that BEVs currently provide GHG benefits in nearly every state, with the median state’s benefit being between approximately 50% to 60% lower than gasoline counterparts. However, gasoline vehicles currently have lower total NOx, urban NOx, total PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and urban PM<sub>2.5</sub> in 33%; 15%; 70%; and 10% of states, respectively. BEV emissions will decrease in 2050 due to a cleaner grid, but the relative benefits when compared to gasoline vehicles do not change significantly, as gasoline vehicles are also improving over this time.
format	article
author	Andrew Burnham Zifeng Lu Michael Wang Amgad Elgowainy
author_facet	Andrew Burnham Zifeng Lu Michael Wang Amgad Elgowainy
author_sort	Andrew Burnham
title	Regional Emissions Analysis of Light-Duty Battery Electric Vehicles
title_short	Regional Emissions Analysis of Light-Duty Battery Electric Vehicles
title_full	Regional Emissions Analysis of Light-Duty Battery Electric Vehicles
title_fullStr	Regional Emissions Analysis of Light-Duty Battery Electric Vehicles
title_full_unstemmed	Regional Emissions Analysis of Light-Duty Battery Electric Vehicles
title_sort	regional emissions analysis of light-duty battery electric vehicles
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5bfc3c894505475f96f14157cdbf0832
work_keys_str_mv	AT andrewburnham regionalemissionsanalysisoflightdutybatteryelectricvehicles AT zifenglu regionalemissionsanalysisoflightdutybatteryelectricvehicles AT michaelwang regionalemissionsanalysisoflightdutybatteryelectricvehicles AT amgadelgowainy regionalemissionsanalysisoflightdutybatteryelectricvehicles
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Regional Emissions Analysis of Light-Duty Battery Electric Vehicles

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