Cumulative risk exposure and emotional symptoms among early adolescent girls

Abstract Background From early adolescence, girls and women report the highest rates of emotional symptoms, and there is evidence of increased prevalence in recent years. We investigate risk factors and cumulative risk exposure (CRE) in relation to emotional symptoms among early adolescent girls. Me...

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Autores principales:	Ola Demkowicz, Margarita Panayiotou, Neil Humphrey
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Women’s health Adolescent mental health Emotional symptoms Inequality Risk exposure Cumulative risk Gynecology and obstetrics RG1-991 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5c0bdacf999a4acf86e96e26fce7af4e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5c0bdacf999a4acf86e96e26fce7af4e2021-11-07T12:21:04ZCumulative risk exposure and emotional symptoms among early adolescent girls10.1186/s12905-021-01527-71472-6874https://doaj.org/article/5c0bdacf999a4acf86e96e26fce7af4e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01527-7https://doaj.org/toc/1472-6874Abstract Background From early adolescence, girls and women report the highest rates of emotional symptoms, and there is evidence of increased prevalence in recent years. We investigate risk factors and cumulative risk exposure (CRE) in relation to emotional symptoms among early adolescent girls. Methods We used secondary data analysis, drawing on data capturing demographic information and self-reported emotional symptoms from 8327 girls aged 11–12 years from the 2017 baseline data collection phase of the HeadStart evaluation. We used structural equation modelling to identify risk factors in relation to self-reported emotional symptoms, and collated this into a CRE index to investigate associations between CRE and emotional symptoms. Results Four risk factors were found to have a statistically significant relationship with emotional symptoms among early adolescent girls: low academic attainment, special educational needs, low family income, and caregiving responsibilities. CRE was positively associated with emotional symptoms, with a small effect size. Conclusions Results identify risk factors (outlined above) that are associated with emotional symptoms among early adolescent girls, and highlight that early adolescent girls experiencing a greater number of risk factors in their lives are likely to also experience greater emotional distress. Findings highlight the need for identification and targeted mental health intervention (e.g., individual or group counselling, approaches targeting specific symptoms), for those facing greater risk and/or with emergent symptoms.Ola DemkowiczMargarita PanayiotouNeil HumphreyBMCarticleWomen’s healthAdolescent mental healthEmotional symptomsInequalityRisk exposureCumulative riskGynecology and obstetricsRG1-991Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENBMC Women's Health, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Women’s health Adolescent mental health Emotional symptoms Inequality Risk exposure Cumulative risk Gynecology and obstetrics RG1-991 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Women’s health Adolescent mental health Emotional symptoms Inequality Risk exposure Cumulative risk Gynecology and obstetrics RG1-991 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Ola Demkowicz Margarita Panayiotou Neil Humphrey Cumulative risk exposure and emotional symptoms among early adolescent girls
description	Abstract Background From early adolescence, girls and women report the highest rates of emotional symptoms, and there is evidence of increased prevalence in recent years. We investigate risk factors and cumulative risk exposure (CRE) in relation to emotional symptoms among early adolescent girls. Methods We used secondary data analysis, drawing on data capturing demographic information and self-reported emotional symptoms from 8327 girls aged 11–12 years from the 2017 baseline data collection phase of the HeadStart evaluation. We used structural equation modelling to identify risk factors in relation to self-reported emotional symptoms, and collated this into a CRE index to investigate associations between CRE and emotional symptoms. Results Four risk factors were found to have a statistically significant relationship with emotional symptoms among early adolescent girls: low academic attainment, special educational needs, low family income, and caregiving responsibilities. CRE was positively associated with emotional symptoms, with a small effect size. Conclusions Results identify risk factors (outlined above) that are associated with emotional symptoms among early adolescent girls, and highlight that early adolescent girls experiencing a greater number of risk factors in their lives are likely to also experience greater emotional distress. Findings highlight the need for identification and targeted mental health intervention (e.g., individual or group counselling, approaches targeting specific symptoms), for those facing greater risk and/or with emergent symptoms.
format	article
author	Ola Demkowicz Margarita Panayiotou Neil Humphrey
author_facet	Ola Demkowicz Margarita Panayiotou Neil Humphrey
author_sort	Ola Demkowicz
title	Cumulative risk exposure and emotional symptoms among early adolescent girls
title_short	Cumulative risk exposure and emotional symptoms among early adolescent girls
title_full	Cumulative risk exposure and emotional symptoms among early adolescent girls
title_fullStr	Cumulative risk exposure and emotional symptoms among early adolescent girls
title_full_unstemmed	Cumulative risk exposure and emotional symptoms among early adolescent girls
title_sort	cumulative risk exposure and emotional symptoms among early adolescent girls
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5c0bdacf999a4acf86e96e26fce7af4e
work_keys_str_mv	AT olademkowicz cumulativeriskexposureandemotionalsymptomsamongearlyadolescentgirls AT margaritapanayiotou cumulativeriskexposureandemotionalsymptomsamongearlyadolescentgirls AT neilhumphrey cumulativeriskexposureandemotionalsymptomsamongearlyadolescentgirls
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Cumulative risk exposure and emotional symptoms among early adolescent girls

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