The Gut Microbiota of Healthy Aged Chinese Is Similar to That of the Healthy Young

ABSTRACT The microbiota of the aged is variously described as being more or less diverse than that of younger cohorts, but the comparison groups used and the definitions of the aged population differ between experiments. The differences are often described by null hypothesis statistical tests, which...

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Autores principales: Gaorui Bian, Gregory B. Gloor, Aihua Gong, Changsheng Jia, Wei Zhang, Jun Hu, Hong Zhang, Yumei Zhang, Zhenqing Zhou, Jiangao Zhang, Jeremy P. Burton, Gregor Reid, Yongliang Xiao, Qiang Zeng, Kaiping Yang, Jiangang Li
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Publicado: American Society for Microbiology 2017
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:5c151f3876e9457f9c1650081cf99fbf2021-11-15T15:22:05ZThe Gut Microbiota of Healthy Aged Chinese Is Similar to That of the Healthy Young10.1128/mSphere.00327-172379-5042https://doaj.org/article/5c151f3876e9457f9c1650081cf99fbf2017-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00327-17https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT The microbiota of the aged is variously described as being more or less diverse than that of younger cohorts, but the comparison groups used and the definitions of the aged population differ between experiments. The differences are often described by null hypothesis statistical tests, which are notoriously irreproducible when dealing with large multivariate samples. We collected and examined the gut microbiota of a cross-sectional cohort of more than 1,000 very healthy Chinese individuals who spanned ages from 3 to over 100 years. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing results used a compositional data analysis paradigm coupled with measures of effect size, where ordination, differential abundance, and correlation can be explored and analyzed in a unified and reproducible framework. Our analysis showed several surprising results compared to other cohorts. First, the overall microbiota composition of the healthy aged group was similar to that of people decades younger. Second, the major differences between groups in the gut microbiota profiles were found before age 20. Third, the gut microbiota differed little between individuals from the ages of 30 to >100. Fourth, the gut microbiota of males appeared to be more variable than that of females. Taken together, the present findings suggest that the microbiota of the healthy aged in this cross-sectional study differ little from that of the healthy young in the same population, although the minor variations that do exist depend upon the comparison cohort. IMPORTANCE We report the large-scale use of compositional data analysis to establish a baseline microbiota composition in an extremely healthy cohort of the Chinese population. This baseline will serve for comparison for future cohorts with chronic or acute disease. In addition to the expected difference in the microbiota of children and adults, we found that the microbiota of the elderly in this population was similar in almost all respects to that of healthy people in the same population who are scores of years younger. We speculate that this similarity is a consequence of an active healthy lifestyle and diet, although cause and effect cannot be ascribed in this (or any other) cross-sectional design. One surprising result was that the gut microbiota of persons in their 20s was distinct from those of other age cohorts, and this result was replicated, suggesting that it is a reproducible finding and distinct from those of other populations.Gaorui BianGregory B. GloorAihua GongChangsheng JiaWei ZhangJun HuHong ZhangYumei ZhangZhenqing ZhouJiangao ZhangJeremy P. BurtonGregor ReidYongliang XiaoQiang ZengKaiping YangJiangang LiAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticle16S rRNA gene sequencingDNA sequencingcompositional datacross-sectional studygut microbiotahealthy agingMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 2, Iss 5 (2017)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic 16S rRNA gene sequencing
DNA sequencing
compositional data
cross-sectional study
gut microbiota
healthy aging
Microbiology
QR1-502
spellingShingle 16S rRNA gene sequencing
DNA sequencing
compositional data
cross-sectional study
gut microbiota
healthy aging
Microbiology
QR1-502
Gaorui Bian
Gregory B. Gloor
Aihua Gong
Changsheng Jia
Wei Zhang
Jun Hu
Hong Zhang
Yumei Zhang
Zhenqing Zhou
Jiangao Zhang
Jeremy P. Burton
Gregor Reid
Yongliang Xiao
Qiang Zeng
Kaiping Yang
Jiangang Li
The Gut Microbiota of Healthy Aged Chinese Is Similar to That of the Healthy Young
description ABSTRACT The microbiota of the aged is variously described as being more or less diverse than that of younger cohorts, but the comparison groups used and the definitions of the aged population differ between experiments. The differences are often described by null hypothesis statistical tests, which are notoriously irreproducible when dealing with large multivariate samples. We collected and examined the gut microbiota of a cross-sectional cohort of more than 1,000 very healthy Chinese individuals who spanned ages from 3 to over 100 years. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing results used a compositional data analysis paradigm coupled with measures of effect size, where ordination, differential abundance, and correlation can be explored and analyzed in a unified and reproducible framework. Our analysis showed several surprising results compared to other cohorts. First, the overall microbiota composition of the healthy aged group was similar to that of people decades younger. Second, the major differences between groups in the gut microbiota profiles were found before age 20. Third, the gut microbiota differed little between individuals from the ages of 30 to >100. Fourth, the gut microbiota of males appeared to be more variable than that of females. Taken together, the present findings suggest that the microbiota of the healthy aged in this cross-sectional study differ little from that of the healthy young in the same population, although the minor variations that do exist depend upon the comparison cohort. IMPORTANCE We report the large-scale use of compositional data analysis to establish a baseline microbiota composition in an extremely healthy cohort of the Chinese population. This baseline will serve for comparison for future cohorts with chronic or acute disease. In addition to the expected difference in the microbiota of children and adults, we found that the microbiota of the elderly in this population was similar in almost all respects to that of healthy people in the same population who are scores of years younger. We speculate that this similarity is a consequence of an active healthy lifestyle and diet, although cause and effect cannot be ascribed in this (or any other) cross-sectional design. One surprising result was that the gut microbiota of persons in their 20s was distinct from those of other age cohorts, and this result was replicated, suggesting that it is a reproducible finding and distinct from those of other populations.
format article
author Gaorui Bian
Gregory B. Gloor
Aihua Gong
Changsheng Jia
Wei Zhang
Jun Hu
Hong Zhang
Yumei Zhang
Zhenqing Zhou
Jiangao Zhang
Jeremy P. Burton
Gregor Reid
Yongliang Xiao
Qiang Zeng
Kaiping Yang
Jiangang Li
author_facet Gaorui Bian
Gregory B. Gloor
Aihua Gong
Changsheng Jia
Wei Zhang
Jun Hu
Hong Zhang
Yumei Zhang
Zhenqing Zhou
Jiangao Zhang
Jeremy P. Burton
Gregor Reid
Yongliang Xiao
Qiang Zeng
Kaiping Yang
Jiangang Li
author_sort Gaorui Bian
title The Gut Microbiota of Healthy Aged Chinese Is Similar to That of the Healthy Young
title_short The Gut Microbiota of Healthy Aged Chinese Is Similar to That of the Healthy Young
title_full The Gut Microbiota of Healthy Aged Chinese Is Similar to That of the Healthy Young
title_fullStr The Gut Microbiota of Healthy Aged Chinese Is Similar to That of the Healthy Young
title_full_unstemmed The Gut Microbiota of Healthy Aged Chinese Is Similar to That of the Healthy Young
title_sort gut microbiota of healthy aged chinese is similar to that of the healthy young
publisher American Society for Microbiology
publishDate 2017
url https://doaj.org/article/5c151f3876e9457f9c1650081cf99fbf
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