Homeobox Transcription Factors Are Required for Fungal Development and the Suppression of Host Defense Mechanisms in the <italic toggle="yes">Colletotrichum scovillei</italic>-Pepper Pathosystem

ABSTRACT Colletotrichum scovillei, an ascomycete phytopathogenic fungus, is the main causal agent of serious yield losses of economic crops worldwide. The fungus causes anthracnose disease on several fruits, including peppers. However, little is known regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms in...

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Autores principales:	Teng Fu, Joon-Hee Han, Jong-Hwan Shin, Hyeunjeong Song, Jaeho Ko, Yong-Hwan Lee, Ki-Tae Kim, Kyoung Su Kim
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2021
Materias:	anthracnose appressorium development Colletotrichum scovillei conidiation host defense pathogenicity factor Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5c371f7f13c6496ba5f5a2ce11a48916
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5c371f7f13c6496ba5f5a2ce11a489162021-11-10T18:37:51ZHomeobox Transcription Factors Are Required for Fungal Development and the Suppression of Host Defense Mechanisms in the <italic toggle="yes">Colletotrichum scovillei</italic>-Pepper Pathosystem10.1128/mBio.01620-212150-7511https://doaj.org/article/5c371f7f13c6496ba5f5a2ce11a489162021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01620-21https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Colletotrichum scovillei, an ascomycete phytopathogenic fungus, is the main causal agent of serious yield losses of economic crops worldwide. The fungus causes anthracnose disease on several fruits, including peppers. However, little is known regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the development of anthracnose caused by this fungus. In an initial step toward understanding the development of anthracnose on pepper fruits, we retrieved 624 transcription factors (TFs) from the whole genome of C. scovillei and comparatively analyzed the entire repertoire of TFs among phytopathogenic fungi. Evolution and proliferation of members of the homeobox-like superfamily, including homeobox (HOX) TFs that regulate the development of eukaryotic organisms, were demonstrated in the genus Colletotrichum. C. scovillei was found to contain 10 HOX TF genes (CsHOX1 to CsHOX10), which were functionally characterized using deletion mutants of each CsHOX gene. Notably, CsHOX1 was identified as a pathogenicity factor required for the suppression of host defense mechanisms, which represents a new role for HOX TFs in pathogenic fungi. CsHOX2 and CsHOX7 were found to play essential roles in conidiation and appressorium development, respectively, in a stage-specific manner in C. scovillei. Our study provides a molecular basis for understanding the mechanisms associated with the development of anthracnose on fruits caused by C. scovillei, which will aid in the development of novel approaches for disease management. IMPORTANCE The ascomycete phytopathogenic fungus, Colletotrichum scovillei, causes serious yield loss on peppers. However, little is known about molecular mechanisms involved in the development of anthracnose caused by this fungus. We analyzed whole-genome sequences of C. scovillei and isolated 624 putative TFs, revealing the existence of 10 homeobox (HOX) transcription factor (TF) genes. We found that CsHOX1 is a pathogenicity factor required for the suppression of host defense mechanism, which represents a new role for HOX TFs in pathogenic fungi. We also found that CsHOX2 and CsHOX7 play essential roles in conidiation and appressorium development, respectively, in a stage-specific manner in C. scovillei. Our study contributes to understanding the mechanisms associated with the development of anthracnose on fruits caused by C. scovillei, which will aid for initiating novel approaches for disease management.Teng FuJoon-Hee HanJong-Hwan ShinHyeunjeong SongJaeho KoYong-Hwan LeeKi-Tae KimKyoung Su KimAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticleanthracnoseappressorium developmentColletotrichum scovilleiconidiationhost defensepathogenicity factorMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 12, Iss 4 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	anthracnose appressorium development Colletotrichum scovillei conidiation host defense pathogenicity factor Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	anthracnose appressorium development Colletotrichum scovillei conidiation host defense pathogenicity factor Microbiology QR1-502 Teng Fu Joon-Hee Han Jong-Hwan Shin Hyeunjeong Song Jaeho Ko Yong-Hwan Lee Ki-Tae Kim Kyoung Su Kim Homeobox Transcription Factors Are Required for Fungal Development and the Suppression of Host Defense Mechanisms in the <italic toggle="yes">Colletotrichum scovillei</italic>-Pepper Pathosystem
description	ABSTRACT Colletotrichum scovillei, an ascomycete phytopathogenic fungus, is the main causal agent of serious yield losses of economic crops worldwide. The fungus causes anthracnose disease on several fruits, including peppers. However, little is known regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the development of anthracnose caused by this fungus. In an initial step toward understanding the development of anthracnose on pepper fruits, we retrieved 624 transcription factors (TFs) from the whole genome of C. scovillei and comparatively analyzed the entire repertoire of TFs among phytopathogenic fungi. Evolution and proliferation of members of the homeobox-like superfamily, including homeobox (HOX) TFs that regulate the development of eukaryotic organisms, were demonstrated in the genus Colletotrichum. C. scovillei was found to contain 10 HOX TF genes (CsHOX1 to CsHOX10), which were functionally characterized using deletion mutants of each CsHOX gene. Notably, CsHOX1 was identified as a pathogenicity factor required for the suppression of host defense mechanisms, which represents a new role for HOX TFs in pathogenic fungi. CsHOX2 and CsHOX7 were found to play essential roles in conidiation and appressorium development, respectively, in a stage-specific manner in C. scovillei. Our study provides a molecular basis for understanding the mechanisms associated with the development of anthracnose on fruits caused by C. scovillei, which will aid in the development of novel approaches for disease management. IMPORTANCE The ascomycete phytopathogenic fungus, Colletotrichum scovillei, causes serious yield loss on peppers. However, little is known about molecular mechanisms involved in the development of anthracnose caused by this fungus. We analyzed whole-genome sequences of C. scovillei and isolated 624 putative TFs, revealing the existence of 10 homeobox (HOX) transcription factor (TF) genes. We found that CsHOX1 is a pathogenicity factor required for the suppression of host defense mechanism, which represents a new role for HOX TFs in pathogenic fungi. We also found that CsHOX2 and CsHOX7 play essential roles in conidiation and appressorium development, respectively, in a stage-specific manner in C. scovillei. Our study contributes to understanding the mechanisms associated with the development of anthracnose on fruits caused by C. scovillei, which will aid for initiating novel approaches for disease management.
format	article
author	Teng Fu Joon-Hee Han Jong-Hwan Shin Hyeunjeong Song Jaeho Ko Yong-Hwan Lee Ki-Tae Kim Kyoung Su Kim
author_facet	Teng Fu Joon-Hee Han Jong-Hwan Shin Hyeunjeong Song Jaeho Ko Yong-Hwan Lee Ki-Tae Kim Kyoung Su Kim
author_sort	Teng Fu
title	Homeobox Transcription Factors Are Required for Fungal Development and the Suppression of Host Defense Mechanisms in the <italic toggle="yes">Colletotrichum scovillei</italic>-Pepper Pathosystem
title_short	Homeobox Transcription Factors Are Required for Fungal Development and the Suppression of Host Defense Mechanisms in the <italic toggle="yes">Colletotrichum scovillei</italic>-Pepper Pathosystem
title_full	Homeobox Transcription Factors Are Required for Fungal Development and the Suppression of Host Defense Mechanisms in the <italic toggle="yes">Colletotrichum scovillei</italic>-Pepper Pathosystem
title_fullStr	Homeobox Transcription Factors Are Required for Fungal Development and the Suppression of Host Defense Mechanisms in the <italic toggle="yes">Colletotrichum scovillei</italic>-Pepper Pathosystem
title_full_unstemmed	Homeobox Transcription Factors Are Required for Fungal Development and the Suppression of Host Defense Mechanisms in the <italic toggle="yes">Colletotrichum scovillei</italic>-Pepper Pathosystem
title_sort	homeobox transcription factors are required for fungal development and the suppression of host defense mechanisms in the <italic toggle="yes">colletotrichum scovillei</italic>-pepper pathosystem
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5c371f7f13c6496ba5f5a2ce11a48916
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Homeobox Transcription Factors Are Required for Fungal Development and the Suppression of Host Defense Mechanisms in the <italic toggle="yes">Colletotrichum scovillei</italic>-Pepper Pathosystem

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