Resistance Exercise and Whey Protein Supplementation Reduce Mechanical Allodynia and Spinal Microglia Activation After Acute Muscle Trauma in Rats

Muscle injury caused by direct trauma to the skeletal muscle is among the main musculoskeletal disorders. Non-pharmacological treatments have been effective in controlling muscle injury–induced pain; however, there are just a few studies in the literature investigating this response. Thus, the prese...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Gusthavo Rodrigues, Thamyris Moraes, Lívia Elisei, Iago Malta, Rafaela dos Santos, Rômulo Novaes, Pablo Lollo, Giovane Galdino
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	resistance exercise whey protein allodynia antinociception glial cells Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5c37a3ca8753467880fd58d41af3d4f5
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:5c37a3ca8753467880fd58d41af3d4f5
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5c37a3ca8753467880fd58d41af3d4f52021-11-11T06:40:33ZResistance Exercise and Whey Protein Supplementation Reduce Mechanical Allodynia and Spinal Microglia Activation After Acute Muscle Trauma in Rats1663-981210.3389/fphar.2021.726423https://doaj.org/article/5c37a3ca8753467880fd58d41af3d4f52021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.726423/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1663-9812Muscle injury caused by direct trauma to the skeletal muscle is among the main musculoskeletal disorders. Non-pharmacological treatments have been effective in controlling muscle injury–induced pain; however, there are just a few studies in the literature investigating this response. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a resistance exercise training protocol combined or not with whey protein supplementation on mechanical allodynia induced by muscle injury. In addition, we also investigated the involvement of spinal glial cells in this process. For this purpose, male Wistar rats underwent a muscle injury model induced by direct trauma to the gastrocnemius muscle. Mechanical allodynia was measured by a digital von Frey algesimeter test. To evaluate the effect of exercise and/or supplementation on mechanical allodynia, the animals practiced exercises three times a week for 14 days and received supplementation daily for 14 days, respectively. Moreover, the effect of both the participation of spinal glial cells in the muscle injury and the resistance exercise training and/or whey protein supplementation on these cells was also investigated by the Western blot assay. The results demonstrated that resistance exercise training and whey protein supplementation, combined or alone, reduced mechanical allodynia. These treatments also reduced the number of interstitial cells and pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 levels in the injured muscle. It was also found that spinal microglia and astrocytes are involved in muscle injury, and that resistance exercise training combined with whey protein supplementation inhibits spinal microglia activation. The results suggest that both resistance exercise training and whey protein supplementation may be effective non-pharmacological treatments to control pain in the muscle after injury induced by acute trauma.Gusthavo RodriguesGusthavo RodriguesThamyris MoraesLívia EliseiIago MaltaRafaela dos SantosRômulo NovaesPablo LolloGiovane GaldinoFrontiers Media S.A.articleresistance exercisewhey proteinallodyniaantinociceptionglial cellsTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENFrontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	resistance exercise whey protein allodynia antinociception glial cells Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	resistance exercise whey protein allodynia antinociception glial cells Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Gusthavo Rodrigues Gusthavo Rodrigues Thamyris Moraes Lívia Elisei Iago Malta Rafaela dos Santos Rômulo Novaes Pablo Lollo Giovane Galdino Resistance Exercise and Whey Protein Supplementation Reduce Mechanical Allodynia and Spinal Microglia Activation After Acute Muscle Trauma in Rats
description	Muscle injury caused by direct trauma to the skeletal muscle is among the main musculoskeletal disorders. Non-pharmacological treatments have been effective in controlling muscle injury–induced pain; however, there are just a few studies in the literature investigating this response. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a resistance exercise training protocol combined or not with whey protein supplementation on mechanical allodynia induced by muscle injury. In addition, we also investigated the involvement of spinal glial cells in this process. For this purpose, male Wistar rats underwent a muscle injury model induced by direct trauma to the gastrocnemius muscle. Mechanical allodynia was measured by a digital von Frey algesimeter test. To evaluate the effect of exercise and/or supplementation on mechanical allodynia, the animals practiced exercises three times a week for 14 days and received supplementation daily for 14 days, respectively. Moreover, the effect of both the participation of spinal glial cells in the muscle injury and the resistance exercise training and/or whey protein supplementation on these cells was also investigated by the Western blot assay. The results demonstrated that resistance exercise training and whey protein supplementation, combined or alone, reduced mechanical allodynia. These treatments also reduced the number of interstitial cells and pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 levels in the injured muscle. It was also found that spinal microglia and astrocytes are involved in muscle injury, and that resistance exercise training combined with whey protein supplementation inhibits spinal microglia activation. The results suggest that both resistance exercise training and whey protein supplementation may be effective non-pharmacological treatments to control pain in the muscle after injury induced by acute trauma.
format	article
author	Gusthavo Rodrigues Gusthavo Rodrigues Thamyris Moraes Lívia Elisei Iago Malta Rafaela dos Santos Rômulo Novaes Pablo Lollo Giovane Galdino
author_facet	Gusthavo Rodrigues Gusthavo Rodrigues Thamyris Moraes Lívia Elisei Iago Malta Rafaela dos Santos Rômulo Novaes Pablo Lollo Giovane Galdino
author_sort	Gusthavo Rodrigues
title	Resistance Exercise and Whey Protein Supplementation Reduce Mechanical Allodynia and Spinal Microglia Activation After Acute Muscle Trauma in Rats
title_short	Resistance Exercise and Whey Protein Supplementation Reduce Mechanical Allodynia and Spinal Microglia Activation After Acute Muscle Trauma in Rats
title_full	Resistance Exercise and Whey Protein Supplementation Reduce Mechanical Allodynia and Spinal Microglia Activation After Acute Muscle Trauma in Rats
title_fullStr	Resistance Exercise and Whey Protein Supplementation Reduce Mechanical Allodynia and Spinal Microglia Activation After Acute Muscle Trauma in Rats
title_full_unstemmed	Resistance Exercise and Whey Protein Supplementation Reduce Mechanical Allodynia and Spinal Microglia Activation After Acute Muscle Trauma in Rats
title_sort	resistance exercise and whey protein supplementation reduce mechanical allodynia and spinal microglia activation after acute muscle trauma in rats
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5c37a3ca8753467880fd58d41af3d4f5
work_keys_str_mv	AT gusthavorodrigues resistanceexerciseandwheyproteinsupplementationreducemechanicalallodyniaandspinalmicrogliaactivationafteracutemuscletraumainrats AT gusthavorodrigues resistanceexerciseandwheyproteinsupplementationreducemechanicalallodyniaandspinalmicrogliaactivationafteracutemuscletraumainrats AT thamyrismoraes resistanceexerciseandwheyproteinsupplementationreducemechanicalallodyniaandspinalmicrogliaactivationafteracutemuscletraumainrats AT liviaelisei resistanceexerciseandwheyproteinsupplementationreducemechanicalallodyniaandspinalmicrogliaactivationafteracutemuscletraumainrats AT iagomalta resistanceexerciseandwheyproteinsupplementationreducemechanicalallodyniaandspinalmicrogliaactivationafteracutemuscletraumainrats AT rafaeladossantos resistanceexerciseandwheyproteinsupplementationreducemechanicalallodyniaandspinalmicrogliaactivationafteracutemuscletraumainrats AT romulonovaes resistanceexerciseandwheyproteinsupplementationreducemechanicalallodyniaandspinalmicrogliaactivationafteracutemuscletraumainrats AT pablolollo resistanceexerciseandwheyproteinsupplementationreducemechanicalallodyniaandspinalmicrogliaactivationafteracutemuscletraumainrats AT giovanegaldino resistanceexerciseandwheyproteinsupplementationreducemechanicalallodyniaandspinalmicrogliaactivationafteracutemuscletraumainrats
_version_	1718439490278653952

Resistance Exercise and Whey Protein Supplementation Reduce Mechanical Allodynia and Spinal Microglia Activation After Acute Muscle Trauma in Rats

Ejemplares similares