El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Modes: Their Effects on South American Rainfall during Austral Spring

This paper examines the effects of the tropical Pacific Ocean (TPO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) modes in the interannual variations of austral spring rainfall over South America (SA). The TPO mode refers to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The isolated effects between IOD and TPO were esti...

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Autores principales:	Mary T. Kayano, Wilmar L. Cerón, Rita V. Andreoli, Rodrigo A. F. Souza, Itamara P. Souza, Teresita Canchala
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	climate variability South America rainfall teleconnections Indian Ocean Rossby wave train Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5c3b5e4188864f36a53f2f1979be1a05
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5c3b5e4188864f36a53f2f1979be1a052021-11-25T16:44:47ZEl Niño-Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Modes: Their Effects on South American Rainfall during Austral Spring10.3390/atmos121114372073-4433https://doaj.org/article/5c3b5e4188864f36a53f2f1979be1a052021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1437https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433This paper examines the effects of the tropical Pacific Ocean (TPO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) modes in the interannual variations of austral spring rainfall over South America (SA). The TPO mode refers to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The isolated effects between IOD and TPO were estimated, events were chosen from the residual TPO (R-TPO) or residual IOD (R-IOD), and the IOD (TPO) effects for the R-TPO (R-IOD) composites were removed from the variables. One relevant result was the nonlinear precipitation response to R-TPO and R-IOD. This feature was accentuated for the R-IOD composites. The positive R-IOD composite showed significant negative precipitation anomalies along equatorial SA east of 55° W and in subtropical western SA, and showed positive anomalies in northwestern SA and central Brazil. The negative R-IOD composite indicated significant positive precipitation anomalies in northwestern Amazon, central–eastern Brazil north of 20° S, and western subtropical SA, and negative anomalies were found in western SA south of 30° S. This nonlinearity was likely due to the distinct atmospheric circulation responses to the anomalous heating sources located in longitudinally distinct regions: the western tropical Indian Ocean and areas neighboring Indonesia. The results obtained in this study might be relevant for climate monitoring and modeling studies.Mary T. KayanoWilmar L. CerónRita V. AndreoliRodrigo A. F. SouzaItamara P. SouzaTeresita CanchalaMDPI AGarticleclimate variabilitySouth AmericarainfallteleconnectionsIndian OceanRossby wave trainMeteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENAtmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1437, p 1437 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	climate variability South America rainfall teleconnections Indian Ocean Rossby wave train Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
spellingShingle	climate variability South America rainfall teleconnections Indian Ocean Rossby wave train Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Mary T. Kayano Wilmar L. Cerón Rita V. Andreoli Rodrigo A. F. Souza Itamara P. Souza Teresita Canchala El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Modes: Their Effects on South American Rainfall during Austral Spring
description	This paper examines the effects of the tropical Pacific Ocean (TPO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) modes in the interannual variations of austral spring rainfall over South America (SA). The TPO mode refers to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The isolated effects between IOD and TPO were estimated, events were chosen from the residual TPO (R-TPO) or residual IOD (R-IOD), and the IOD (TPO) effects for the R-TPO (R-IOD) composites were removed from the variables. One relevant result was the nonlinear precipitation response to R-TPO and R-IOD. This feature was accentuated for the R-IOD composites. The positive R-IOD composite showed significant negative precipitation anomalies along equatorial SA east of 55° W and in subtropical western SA, and showed positive anomalies in northwestern SA and central Brazil. The negative R-IOD composite indicated significant positive precipitation anomalies in northwestern Amazon, central–eastern Brazil north of 20° S, and western subtropical SA, and negative anomalies were found in western SA south of 30° S. This nonlinearity was likely due to the distinct atmospheric circulation responses to the anomalous heating sources located in longitudinally distinct regions: the western tropical Indian Ocean and areas neighboring Indonesia. The results obtained in this study might be relevant for climate monitoring and modeling studies.
format	article
author	Mary T. Kayano Wilmar L. Cerón Rita V. Andreoli Rodrigo A. F. Souza Itamara P. Souza Teresita Canchala
author_facet	Mary T. Kayano Wilmar L. Cerón Rita V. Andreoli Rodrigo A. F. Souza Itamara P. Souza Teresita Canchala
author_sort	Mary T. Kayano
title	El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Modes: Their Effects on South American Rainfall during Austral Spring
title_short	El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Modes: Their Effects on South American Rainfall during Austral Spring
title_full	El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Modes: Their Effects on South American Rainfall during Austral Spring
title_fullStr	El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Modes: Their Effects on South American Rainfall during Austral Spring
title_full_unstemmed	El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Modes: Their Effects on South American Rainfall during Austral Spring
title_sort	el niño-southern oscillation and indian ocean dipole modes: their effects on south american rainfall during austral spring
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5c3b5e4188864f36a53f2f1979be1a05
work_keys_str_mv	AT marytkayano elninosouthernoscillationandindianoceandipolemodestheireffectsonsouthamericanrainfallduringaustralspring AT wilmarlceron elninosouthernoscillationandindianoceandipolemodestheireffectsonsouthamericanrainfallduringaustralspring AT ritavandreoli elninosouthernoscillationandindianoceandipolemodestheireffectsonsouthamericanrainfallduringaustralspring AT rodrigoafsouza elninosouthernoscillationandindianoceandipolemodestheireffectsonsouthamericanrainfallduringaustralspring AT itamarapsouza elninosouthernoscillationandindianoceandipolemodestheireffectsonsouthamericanrainfallduringaustralspring AT teresitacanchala elninosouthernoscillationandindianoceandipolemodestheireffectsonsouthamericanrainfallduringaustralspring
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El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Modes: Their Effects on South American Rainfall during Austral Spring

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