Copper Cathode Contamination by Nickel in Copper Electrorefining

Nickel behavior has a significant role in the electrorefining of copper, and although it has been extensively studied from the anode and electrolyte point of view over the past decades, studies on nickel contamination at the cathode are limited. In the current paper, three possible contamination mec...

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Autores principales:	Mika Sahlman, Jari Aromaa, Mari Lundström
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	electrorefining copper nickel cathode contamination particle entrapment electrolyte inclusion Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5c408c559d6248fab438d36490e38007
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5c408c559d6248fab438d36490e380072021-11-25T18:21:44ZCopper Cathode Contamination by Nickel in Copper Electrorefining10.3390/met111117582075-4701https://doaj.org/article/5c408c559d6248fab438d36490e380072021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/11/1758https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4701Nickel behavior has a significant role in the electrorefining of copper, and although it has been extensively studied from the anode and electrolyte point of view over the past decades, studies on nickel contamination at the cathode are limited. In the current paper, three possible contamination mechanisms—particle entrapment, electrolyte inclusions and co-electrodeposition—were investigated. Copper electrorefining (Cu-ER) was conducted at the laboratory scale, and the cathodes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Particle entrapment was studied by adding NiO and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> to the system to simulate nickel anode slime, and the experiments were replicated with industrial anode slime material. The possibility of electrolyte entrapment due to nodulation was explored through the addition of graphite to produce nodules on the cathode. Co-electrodeposition was analyzed by experiments that utilized a Hull cell. The results indicate that particle entrapment can occur at the cathode and is a major source of the nickel contamination in Cu-ER, whereas nickel compounds were not shown to promote nodulation. Inclusions of bulk electrolytes within the surface matrix were observed, proving that electrolyte entrapment is possible. As co-electrodeposition of Ni in Cu-ER is thermodynamically unlikely, these experimental results also verify that it does not occur to any significant extent.Mika SahlmanJari AromaaMari LundströmMDPI AGarticleelectrorefiningcoppernickelcathode contaminationparticle entrapmentelectrolyte inclusionMining engineering. MetallurgyTN1-997ENMetals, Vol 11, Iss 1758, p 1758 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	electrorefining copper nickel cathode contamination particle entrapment electrolyte inclusion Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997
spellingShingle	electrorefining copper nickel cathode contamination particle entrapment electrolyte inclusion Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997 Mika Sahlman Jari Aromaa Mari Lundström Copper Cathode Contamination by Nickel in Copper Electrorefining
description	Nickel behavior has a significant role in the electrorefining of copper, and although it has been extensively studied from the anode and electrolyte point of view over the past decades, studies on nickel contamination at the cathode are limited. In the current paper, three possible contamination mechanisms—particle entrapment, electrolyte inclusions and co-electrodeposition—were investigated. Copper electrorefining (Cu-ER) was conducted at the laboratory scale, and the cathodes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Particle entrapment was studied by adding NiO and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> to the system to simulate nickel anode slime, and the experiments were replicated with industrial anode slime material. The possibility of electrolyte entrapment due to nodulation was explored through the addition of graphite to produce nodules on the cathode. Co-electrodeposition was analyzed by experiments that utilized a Hull cell. The results indicate that particle entrapment can occur at the cathode and is a major source of the nickel contamination in Cu-ER, whereas nickel compounds were not shown to promote nodulation. Inclusions of bulk electrolytes within the surface matrix were observed, proving that electrolyte entrapment is possible. As co-electrodeposition of Ni in Cu-ER is thermodynamically unlikely, these experimental results also verify that it does not occur to any significant extent.
format	article
author	Mika Sahlman Jari Aromaa Mari Lundström
author_facet	Mika Sahlman Jari Aromaa Mari Lundström
author_sort	Mika Sahlman
title	Copper Cathode Contamination by Nickel in Copper Electrorefining
title_short	Copper Cathode Contamination by Nickel in Copper Electrorefining
title_full	Copper Cathode Contamination by Nickel in Copper Electrorefining
title_fullStr	Copper Cathode Contamination by Nickel in Copper Electrorefining
title_full_unstemmed	Copper Cathode Contamination by Nickel in Copper Electrorefining
title_sort	copper cathode contamination by nickel in copper electrorefining
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5c408c559d6248fab438d36490e38007
work_keys_str_mv	AT mikasahlman coppercathodecontaminationbynickelincopperelectrorefining AT jariaromaa coppercathodecontaminationbynickelincopperelectrorefining AT marilundstrom coppercathodecontaminationbynickelincopperelectrorefining
_version_	1718411258960543744

Copper Cathode Contamination by Nickel in Copper Electrorefining

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