Aflatoxins are natural scavengers of reactive oxygen species

Abstract The role of aflatoxins (AFs) in the biology of producing strains, Aspergillus sect. Flavi, is still a matter of debate. Over recent years, research has pointed to how environmental factors altering the redox balance in the fungal cell can switch on the synthesis of AF. Notably, it has been...

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Autores principales:	E. Finotti, A. Parroni, M. Zaccaria, M. Domin, B. Momeni, C. Fanelli, M. Reverberi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5c41e15baba14222bdab39893163c1ea
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5c41e15baba14222bdab39893163c1ea2021-12-02T18:49:22ZAflatoxins are natural scavengers of reactive oxygen species10.1038/s41598-021-95325-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/5c41e15baba14222bdab39893163c1ea2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95325-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The role of aflatoxins (AFs) in the biology of producing strains, Aspergillus sect. Flavi, is still a matter of debate. Over recent years, research has pointed to how environmental factors altering the redox balance in the fungal cell can switch on the synthesis of AF. Notably, it has been known for decades that oxidants promote AF synthesis. More recent evidence has indicated that AF synthesis is controlled at the transcriptional level: reactive species that accumulate in fungal cells in the stationary growth phase modulate the expression of aflR, the main regulator of AF synthesis—through the oxidative stress related transcription factor AP-1. Thus, AFs are largely synthesized and secreted when (i) the fungus has exploited most nutritional resources; (ii) the hyphal density is high; and (iii) reactive species are abundant in the environment. In this study, we show that AFs efficiently scavenge peroxides and extend the lifespan of E. coli grown under oxidative stress conditions. We hypothesize a novel role for AF as an antioxidant and suggest its biological purpose is to extend the lifespan of AFs-producing strains of Aspergillus sect. Flavi under highly oxidizing conditions such as when substrate resources are depleted, or within a host.E. FinottiA. ParroniM. ZaccariaM. DominB. MomeniC. FanelliM. ReverberiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q E. Finotti A. Parroni M. Zaccaria M. Domin B. Momeni C. Fanelli M. Reverberi Aflatoxins are natural scavengers of reactive oxygen species
description	Abstract The role of aflatoxins (AFs) in the biology of producing strains, Aspergillus sect. Flavi, is still a matter of debate. Over recent years, research has pointed to how environmental factors altering the redox balance in the fungal cell can switch on the synthesis of AF. Notably, it has been known for decades that oxidants promote AF synthesis. More recent evidence has indicated that AF synthesis is controlled at the transcriptional level: reactive species that accumulate in fungal cells in the stationary growth phase modulate the expression of aflR, the main regulator of AF synthesis—through the oxidative stress related transcription factor AP-1. Thus, AFs are largely synthesized and secreted when (i) the fungus has exploited most nutritional resources; (ii) the hyphal density is high; and (iii) reactive species are abundant in the environment. In this study, we show that AFs efficiently scavenge peroxides and extend the lifespan of E. coli grown under oxidative stress conditions. We hypothesize a novel role for AF as an antioxidant and suggest its biological purpose is to extend the lifespan of AFs-producing strains of Aspergillus sect. Flavi under highly oxidizing conditions such as when substrate resources are depleted, or within a host.
format	article
author	E. Finotti A. Parroni M. Zaccaria M. Domin B. Momeni C. Fanelli M. Reverberi
author_facet	E. Finotti A. Parroni M. Zaccaria M. Domin B. Momeni C. Fanelli M. Reverberi
author_sort	E. Finotti
title	Aflatoxins are natural scavengers of reactive oxygen species
title_short	Aflatoxins are natural scavengers of reactive oxygen species
title_full	Aflatoxins are natural scavengers of reactive oxygen species
title_fullStr	Aflatoxins are natural scavengers of reactive oxygen species
title_full_unstemmed	Aflatoxins are natural scavengers of reactive oxygen species
title_sort	aflatoxins are natural scavengers of reactive oxygen species
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5c41e15baba14222bdab39893163c1ea
work_keys_str_mv	AT efinotti aflatoxinsarenaturalscavengersofreactiveoxygenspecies AT aparroni aflatoxinsarenaturalscavengersofreactiveoxygenspecies AT mzaccaria aflatoxinsarenaturalscavengersofreactiveoxygenspecies AT mdomin aflatoxinsarenaturalscavengersofreactiveoxygenspecies AT bmomeni aflatoxinsarenaturalscavengersofreactiveoxygenspecies AT cfanelli aflatoxinsarenaturalscavengersofreactiveoxygenspecies AT mreverberi aflatoxinsarenaturalscavengersofreactiveoxygenspecies
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Aflatoxins are natural scavengers of reactive oxygen species

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