Attentional and cognitive monitoring brain networks in long-term meditators depend on meditation states and expertise

Abstract Meditation practice is suggested to engage training of cognitive control systems in the brain. To evaluate the functional involvement of attentional and cognitive monitoring processes during meditation, the present study analysed the electroencephalographic synchronization of fronto-parieta...

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Autores principales:	Juliana Yordanova, Vasil Kolev, Valentina Nicolardi, Luca Simione, Federica Mauro, Patrizia Garberi, Antonino Raffone, Peter Malinowski
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5c4bda4312d94132a24aac8773297e5d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5c4bda4312d94132a24aac8773297e5d2021-12-02T13:19:20ZAttentional and cognitive monitoring brain networks in long-term meditators depend on meditation states and expertise10.1038/s41598-021-84325-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/5c4bda4312d94132a24aac8773297e5d2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84325-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Meditation practice is suggested to engage training of cognitive control systems in the brain. To evaluate the functional involvement of attentional and cognitive monitoring processes during meditation, the present study analysed the electroencephalographic synchronization of fronto-parietal (FP) and medial-frontal (MF) brain networks in highly experienced meditators during different meditation states (focused attention, open monitoring and loving kindness meditation). The aim was to assess whether and how the connectivity patterns of FP and MF networks are modulated by meditation style and expertise. Compared to novice meditators, (1) highly experienced meditators exhibited a strong theta synchronization of both FP and MF networks in left parietal regions in all mediation styles, and (2) only the connectivity of lateralized beta MF networks differentiated meditation styles. The connectivity of intra-hemispheric theta FP networks depended non-linearly on meditation expertise, with opposite expertise-dependent patterns found in the left and the right hemisphere. In contrast, inter-hemispheric FP connectivity in faster frequency bands (fast alpha and beta) increased linearly as a function of expertise. The results confirm that executive control systems play a major role in maintaining states of meditation. The distinctive lateralized involvement of FP and MF networks appears to represent a major functional mechanism that supports both generic and style-specific meditation states. The observed expertise-dependent effects suggest that functional plasticity within executive control networks may underpin the emergence of unique meditation states in expert meditators.Juliana YordanovaVasil KolevValentina NicolardiLuca SimioneFederica MauroPatrizia GarberiAntonino RaffonePeter MalinowskiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Juliana Yordanova Vasil Kolev Valentina Nicolardi Luca Simione Federica Mauro Patrizia Garberi Antonino Raffone Peter Malinowski Attentional and cognitive monitoring brain networks in long-term meditators depend on meditation states and expertise
description	Abstract Meditation practice is suggested to engage training of cognitive control systems in the brain. To evaluate the functional involvement of attentional and cognitive monitoring processes during meditation, the present study analysed the electroencephalographic synchronization of fronto-parietal (FP) and medial-frontal (MF) brain networks in highly experienced meditators during different meditation states (focused attention, open monitoring and loving kindness meditation). The aim was to assess whether and how the connectivity patterns of FP and MF networks are modulated by meditation style and expertise. Compared to novice meditators, (1) highly experienced meditators exhibited a strong theta synchronization of both FP and MF networks in left parietal regions in all mediation styles, and (2) only the connectivity of lateralized beta MF networks differentiated meditation styles. The connectivity of intra-hemispheric theta FP networks depended non-linearly on meditation expertise, with opposite expertise-dependent patterns found in the left and the right hemisphere. In contrast, inter-hemispheric FP connectivity in faster frequency bands (fast alpha and beta) increased linearly as a function of expertise. The results confirm that executive control systems play a major role in maintaining states of meditation. The distinctive lateralized involvement of FP and MF networks appears to represent a major functional mechanism that supports both generic and style-specific meditation states. The observed expertise-dependent effects suggest that functional plasticity within executive control networks may underpin the emergence of unique meditation states in expert meditators.
format	article
author	Juliana Yordanova Vasil Kolev Valentina Nicolardi Luca Simione Federica Mauro Patrizia Garberi Antonino Raffone Peter Malinowski
author_facet	Juliana Yordanova Vasil Kolev Valentina Nicolardi Luca Simione Federica Mauro Patrizia Garberi Antonino Raffone Peter Malinowski
author_sort	Juliana Yordanova
title	Attentional and cognitive monitoring brain networks in long-term meditators depend on meditation states and expertise
title_short	Attentional and cognitive monitoring brain networks in long-term meditators depend on meditation states and expertise
title_full	Attentional and cognitive monitoring brain networks in long-term meditators depend on meditation states and expertise
title_fullStr	Attentional and cognitive monitoring brain networks in long-term meditators depend on meditation states and expertise
title_full_unstemmed	Attentional and cognitive monitoring brain networks in long-term meditators depend on meditation states and expertise
title_sort	attentional and cognitive monitoring brain networks in long-term meditators depend on meditation states and expertise
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5c4bda4312d94132a24aac8773297e5d
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Attentional and cognitive monitoring brain networks in long-term meditators depend on meditation states and expertise

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