Characterization of 15-<i>cis</i>-ζ-Carotene Isomerase Z-ISO in Cultivated and Wild Tomato Species Differing in Ripe Fruit Pigmentation

Characterization of 15-<i>cis</i>-ζ-Carotene Isomerase Z-ISO in Cultivated and Wild Tomato Species Differing in Ripe Fruit Pigmentation

Isomerization of 9,15,9′-tri-<i>cis</i>-ζ-carotene mediated by 15-<i>cis</i>-ζ-carotene isomerase Z-ISO is a critical step in the biosynthesis of carotenoids, which define fruit color. The tomato clade (<i>Solanum</i> section Lycopersicon) comprises the cultivated...

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Autores principales: Gleb I. Efremov, Anna V. Shchennikova, Elena Z. Kochieva
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
Materias:
carotenogenesis
fruit color
<i>Solanum</i> section Lycopersicon
15-<i>cis</i>-ζ-carotene isomerase Z-ISO
promoter analysis
SNPs
Botany
QK1-989
Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/5c6ae6a42ec0470486cf2515869b44e4
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:5c6ae6a42ec0470486cf2515869b44e42021-11-25T18:45:51ZCharacterization of 15-<i>cis</i>-ζ-Carotene Isomerase Z-ISO in Cultivated and Wild Tomato Species Differing in Ripe Fruit Pigmentation10.3390/plants101123652223-7747https://doaj.org/article/5c6ae6a42ec0470486cf2515869b44e42021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2365https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Isomerization of 9,15,9′-tri-<i>cis</i>-ζ-carotene mediated by 15-<i>cis</i>-ζ-carotene isomerase Z-ISO is a critical step in the biosynthesis of carotenoids, which define fruit color. The tomato clade (<i>Solanum</i> section Lycopersicon) comprises the cultivated tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) and 12 related wild species differing in fruit color and, thus, represents a good model for studying carotenogenesis in fleshy fruit. In this study, we identified homologous <i>Z-ISO</i> genes, including 5′-UTRs and promoter regions, in 12 <i>S. lycopersicum</i> cultivars and 5 wild tomato species (red-fruited <i>Solanum pimpinellifolium</i>, yellow-fruited <i>Solanum cheesmaniae</i>, and green-fruited <i>Solanum chilense</i>, <i>Solanum habrochaites</i>, and <i>Solanum pennellii</i>). <i>Z-ISO</i> homologs had a highly conserved structure, suggesting that Z-ISO performs a similar function in tomato species despite the difference in their fruit color. <i>Z-ISO</i> transcription levels positively correlated with the carotenoid content in ripe fruit of the tomatoes. An analysis of the <i>Z-ISO</i> promoter and 5′-UTR sequences revealed over 130 <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements involved in response to light, stresses, and hormones, and in the binding of transcription factors. Green- and red/yellow-fruited <i>Solanum</i> species differed in the number and position of <i>cis</i>-elements, indicating changes in the transcriptional regulation of <i>Z-ISO</i> expression during tomato evolution, which likely contribute to the difference in fruit color.Gleb I. EfremovAnna V. ShchennikovaElena Z. KochievaMDPI AGarticlecarotenogenesisfruit color<i>Solanum</i> section Lycopersicon15-<i>cis</i>-ζ-carotene isomerase Z-ISOpromoter analysisSNPsBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2365, p 2365 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic carotenogenesis
fruit color
<i>Solanum</i> section Lycopersicon
15-<i>cis</i>-ζ-carotene isomerase Z-ISO
promoter analysis
SNPs
Botany
QK1-989
spellingShingle carotenogenesis
fruit color
<i>Solanum</i> section Lycopersicon
15-<i>cis</i>-ζ-carotene isomerase Z-ISO
promoter analysis
SNPs
Botany
QK1-989
Gleb I. Efremov
Anna V. Shchennikova
Elena Z. Kochieva
Characterization of 15-<i>cis</i>-ζ-Carotene Isomerase Z-ISO in Cultivated and Wild Tomato Species Differing in Ripe Fruit Pigmentation
description Isomerization of 9,15,9′-tri-<i>cis</i>-ζ-carotene mediated by 15-<i>cis</i>-ζ-carotene isomerase Z-ISO is a critical step in the biosynthesis of carotenoids, which define fruit color. The tomato clade (<i>Solanum</i> section Lycopersicon) comprises the cultivated tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) and 12 related wild species differing in fruit color and, thus, represents a good model for studying carotenogenesis in fleshy fruit. In this study, we identified homologous <i>Z-ISO</i> genes, including 5′-UTRs and promoter regions, in 12 <i>S. lycopersicum</i> cultivars and 5 wild tomato species (red-fruited <i>Solanum pimpinellifolium</i>, yellow-fruited <i>Solanum cheesmaniae</i>, and green-fruited <i>Solanum chilense</i>, <i>Solanum habrochaites</i>, and <i>Solanum pennellii</i>). <i>Z-ISO</i> homologs had a highly conserved structure, suggesting that Z-ISO performs a similar function in tomato species despite the difference in their fruit color. <i>Z-ISO</i> transcription levels positively correlated with the carotenoid content in ripe fruit of the tomatoes. An analysis of the <i>Z-ISO</i> promoter and 5′-UTR sequences revealed over 130 <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements involved in response to light, stresses, and hormones, and in the binding of transcription factors. Green- and red/yellow-fruited <i>Solanum</i> species differed in the number and position of <i>cis</i>-elements, indicating changes in the transcriptional regulation of <i>Z-ISO</i> expression during tomato evolution, which likely contribute to the difference in fruit color.
format article
author Gleb I. Efremov
Anna V. Shchennikova
Elena Z. Kochieva
author_facet Gleb I. Efremov
Anna V. Shchennikova
Elena Z. Kochieva
author_sort Gleb I. Efremov
title Characterization of 15-<i>cis</i>-ζ-Carotene Isomerase Z-ISO in Cultivated and Wild Tomato Species Differing in Ripe Fruit Pigmentation
title_short Characterization of 15-<i>cis</i>-ζ-Carotene Isomerase Z-ISO in Cultivated and Wild Tomato Species Differing in Ripe Fruit Pigmentation
title_full Characterization of 15-<i>cis</i>-ζ-Carotene Isomerase Z-ISO in Cultivated and Wild Tomato Species Differing in Ripe Fruit Pigmentation
title_fullStr Characterization of 15-<i>cis</i>-ζ-Carotene Isomerase Z-ISO in Cultivated and Wild Tomato Species Differing in Ripe Fruit Pigmentation
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of 15-<i>cis</i>-ζ-Carotene Isomerase Z-ISO in Cultivated and Wild Tomato Species Differing in Ripe Fruit Pigmentation
title_sort characterization of 15-<i>cis</i>-ζ-carotene isomerase z-iso in cultivated and wild tomato species differing in ripe fruit pigmentation
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/5c6ae6a42ec0470486cf2515869b44e4
work_keys_str_mv AT glebiefremov characterizationof15icisizcaroteneisomerasezisoincultivatedandwildtomatospeciesdifferinginripefruitpigmentation
AT annavshchennikova characterizationof15icisizcaroteneisomerasezisoincultivatedandwildtomatospeciesdifferinginripefruitpigmentation
AT elenazkochieva characterizationof15icisizcaroteneisomerasezisoincultivatedandwildtomatospeciesdifferinginripefruitpigmentation
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