Waterscapes for Promoting Mental Health in the General Population

The WHO estimates that, with the development of urbanization, 25% of the population is suffering from psychological and mental distress. Preliminary evidence has suggested that aquatic environments and riparian areas, i.e., waterscapes, can benefit psychological and mental wellbeing. The aim of this...

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Autores principales:	Xindi Zhang, Yixin Zhang, Jun Zhai, Yongfa Wu, Anyuan Mao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	ecosystem services abiotic elements biodiversity therapeutic landscapes exercising Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5cebc9f5eeff43cba10146416c40e915
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:5cebc9f5eeff43cba10146416c40e915
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5cebc9f5eeff43cba10146416c40e9152021-11-25T17:48:28ZWaterscapes for Promoting Mental Health in the General Population10.3390/ijerph1822117921660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/5cebc9f5eeff43cba10146416c40e9152021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/11792https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601The WHO estimates that, with the development of urbanization, 25% of the population is suffering from psychological and mental distress. Preliminary evidence has suggested that aquatic environments and riparian areas, i.e., waterscapes, can benefit psychological and mental wellbeing. The aim of this study was to identify the processes of waterscape psychological and mental health promotion through aliterature review. We propose a design framework of waterscapes for achieving psychological and mental health in the general population that often visits waterscapes, which has the function of therapeutic landscapes through values of accessibility, versatility, habitats, and biodiversity. According to theories, waterscapes can improve psychological and mental health to divert negative emotions through mitigation (e.g., reduced urban heat island), instoration (e.g., physical activity and state of nature connectedness), and restoration (e.g., reduced anxiety/attentional fatigue). By accessing water (e.g., streams, rivers, lakes, wetlands, and the coast) and riparian areas, people can get in close contact with nature and spend more time in activities (e.g., walking, exploring, talking, and relaxing). Waterscapes with healing effects can enhance psychological resilience to promote people’s psychological and mental health. Future research should focus on ensuring an adequate supply of waterscapes and promoting the efficiency of waterscape ecosystem services on mental health. Moreover, fora deep understanding of the complexity of nature–human health associations, it is necessary to explore more consistent evidence for therapeutic waterscapes considering the characteristics and functional mechanisms of waterscape quality, in terms of freshness, luminescence, rippling or fluidity, and cultural value, to benefit public health and biodiversity conservation.Xindi ZhangYixin ZhangJun ZhaiYongfa WuAnyuan MaoMDPI AGarticleecosystem servicesabiotic elementsbiodiversitytherapeutic landscapesexercisingMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11792, p 11792 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	ecosystem services abiotic elements biodiversity therapeutic landscapes exercising Medicine R
spellingShingle	ecosystem services abiotic elements biodiversity therapeutic landscapes exercising Medicine R Xindi Zhang Yixin Zhang Jun Zhai Yongfa Wu Anyuan Mao Waterscapes for Promoting Mental Health in the General Population
description	The WHO estimates that, with the development of urbanization, 25% of the population is suffering from psychological and mental distress. Preliminary evidence has suggested that aquatic environments and riparian areas, i.e., waterscapes, can benefit psychological and mental wellbeing. The aim of this study was to identify the processes of waterscape psychological and mental health promotion through aliterature review. We propose a design framework of waterscapes for achieving psychological and mental health in the general population that often visits waterscapes, which has the function of therapeutic landscapes through values of accessibility, versatility, habitats, and biodiversity. According to theories, waterscapes can improve psychological and mental health to divert negative emotions through mitigation (e.g., reduced urban heat island), instoration (e.g., physical activity and state of nature connectedness), and restoration (e.g., reduced anxiety/attentional fatigue). By accessing water (e.g., streams, rivers, lakes, wetlands, and the coast) and riparian areas, people can get in close contact with nature and spend more time in activities (e.g., walking, exploring, talking, and relaxing). Waterscapes with healing effects can enhance psychological resilience to promote people’s psychological and mental health. Future research should focus on ensuring an adequate supply of waterscapes and promoting the efficiency of waterscape ecosystem services on mental health. Moreover, fora deep understanding of the complexity of nature–human health associations, it is necessary to explore more consistent evidence for therapeutic waterscapes considering the characteristics and functional mechanisms of waterscape quality, in terms of freshness, luminescence, rippling or fluidity, and cultural value, to benefit public health and biodiversity conservation.
format	article
author	Xindi Zhang Yixin Zhang Jun Zhai Yongfa Wu Anyuan Mao
author_facet	Xindi Zhang Yixin Zhang Jun Zhai Yongfa Wu Anyuan Mao
author_sort	Xindi Zhang
title	Waterscapes for Promoting Mental Health in the General Population
title_short	Waterscapes for Promoting Mental Health in the General Population
title_full	Waterscapes for Promoting Mental Health in the General Population
title_fullStr	Waterscapes for Promoting Mental Health in the General Population
title_full_unstemmed	Waterscapes for Promoting Mental Health in the General Population
title_sort	waterscapes for promoting mental health in the general population
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5cebc9f5eeff43cba10146416c40e915
work_keys_str_mv	AT xindizhang waterscapesforpromotingmentalhealthinthegeneralpopulation AT yixinzhang waterscapesforpromotingmentalhealthinthegeneralpopulation AT junzhai waterscapesforpromotingmentalhealthinthegeneralpopulation AT yongfawu waterscapesforpromotingmentalhealthinthegeneralpopulation AT anyuanmao waterscapesforpromotingmentalhealthinthegeneralpopulation
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Waterscapes for Promoting Mental Health in the General Population

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