Toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated from gas–metal arc welding in primary human small airway epithelial cells

Abstract Welding fumes induce lung toxicity and are carcinogenic to humans but the molecular mechanisms have yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated via gas–metal arc welding using primary human small airway epithelial c...

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Autores principales:	Andrea Cediel-Ulloa, Christina Isaxon, Axel Eriksson, Daniel Primetzhofer, Mauricio A. Sortica, Lars Haag, Remco Derr, Giel Hendriks, Jakob Löndahl, Anders Gudmundsson, Karin Broberg, Anda R. Gliga
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5d22e92021034835aad43265aed02e6e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5d22e92021034835aad43265aed02e6e2021-11-14T12:19:08ZToxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated from gas–metal arc welding in primary human small airway epithelial cells10.1038/s41598-021-01177-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/5d22e92021034835aad43265aed02e6e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01177-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Welding fumes induce lung toxicity and are carcinogenic to humans but the molecular mechanisms have yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated via gas–metal arc welding using primary human small airway epithelial cells (hSAEC) and ToxTracker reporter murine stem cells, which track activation of six cancer-related pathways. Metal content (Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr) of the particles was relatively homogenous across particle size. The particles were not cytotoxic in reporter stem cells but stainless steel particles activated the Nrf2-dependent oxidative stress pathway. In hSAEC, both particle types induced time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity, and stainless steel particles also increased generation of reactive oxygen species. The cellular metal content was higher for hSAEC compared to the reporter stem cells exposed to the same nominal dose. This was, in part, related to differences in particle agglomeration/sedimentation in the different cell media. Overall, our study showed differences in cytotoxicity and activation of cancer-related pathways between stainless and mild steel welding particles. Moreover, our data emphasizes the need for careful assessment of the cellular dose when comparing studies using different in vitro models.Andrea Cediel-UlloaChristina IsaxonAxel ErikssonDaniel PrimetzhoferMauricio A. SorticaLars HaagRemco DerrGiel HendriksJakob LöndahlAnders GudmundssonKarin BrobergAnda R. GligaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Andrea Cediel-Ulloa Christina Isaxon Axel Eriksson Daniel Primetzhofer Mauricio A. Sortica Lars Haag Remco Derr Giel Hendriks Jakob Löndahl Anders Gudmundsson Karin Broberg Anda R. Gliga Toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated from gas–metal arc welding in primary human small airway epithelial cells
description	Abstract Welding fumes induce lung toxicity and are carcinogenic to humans but the molecular mechanisms have yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated via gas–metal arc welding using primary human small airway epithelial cells (hSAEC) and ToxTracker reporter murine stem cells, which track activation of six cancer-related pathways. Metal content (Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr) of the particles was relatively homogenous across particle size. The particles were not cytotoxic in reporter stem cells but stainless steel particles activated the Nrf2-dependent oxidative stress pathway. In hSAEC, both particle types induced time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity, and stainless steel particles also increased generation of reactive oxygen species. The cellular metal content was higher for hSAEC compared to the reporter stem cells exposed to the same nominal dose. This was, in part, related to differences in particle agglomeration/sedimentation in the different cell media. Overall, our study showed differences in cytotoxicity and activation of cancer-related pathways between stainless and mild steel welding particles. Moreover, our data emphasizes the need for careful assessment of the cellular dose when comparing studies using different in vitro models.
format	article
author	Andrea Cediel-Ulloa Christina Isaxon Axel Eriksson Daniel Primetzhofer Mauricio A. Sortica Lars Haag Remco Derr Giel Hendriks Jakob Löndahl Anders Gudmundsson Karin Broberg Anda R. Gliga
author_facet	Andrea Cediel-Ulloa Christina Isaxon Axel Eriksson Daniel Primetzhofer Mauricio A. Sortica Lars Haag Remco Derr Giel Hendriks Jakob Löndahl Anders Gudmundsson Karin Broberg Anda R. Gliga
author_sort	Andrea Cediel-Ulloa
title	Toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated from gas–metal arc welding in primary human small airway epithelial cells
title_short	Toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated from gas–metal arc welding in primary human small airway epithelial cells
title_full	Toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated from gas–metal arc welding in primary human small airway epithelial cells
title_fullStr	Toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated from gas–metal arc welding in primary human small airway epithelial cells
title_full_unstemmed	Toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated from gas–metal arc welding in primary human small airway epithelial cells
title_sort	toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated from gas–metal arc welding in primary human small airway epithelial cells
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5d22e92021034835aad43265aed02e6e
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Toxicity of stainless and mild steel particles generated from gas–metal arc welding in primary human small airway epithelial cells

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