Viral Induced Effects on a Vulnerable Epithelium; Lessons Learned From Paediatric Asthma and Eosinophilic Oesophagitis

The epithelium is integral to the protection of many different biological systems and for the maintenance of biochemical homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that particular children have epithelial vulnerabilities leading to dysregulated barrier function and integrity, that resultantly contribut...

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Autores principales:	Rebecca L. Watkinson, Kevin Looi, Ingrid A. Laing, Antonella Cianferoni, Anthony Kicic
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	rhinovirus (RV) epithelium asthma wheezing allergic airway Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5d4e634c0194495e8ab08e96b34aa71e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5d4e634c0194495e8ab08e96b34aa71e2021-12-01T11:28:48ZViral Induced Effects on a Vulnerable Epithelium; Lessons Learned From Paediatric Asthma and Eosinophilic Oesophagitis1664-322410.3389/fimmu.2021.773600https://doaj.org/article/5d4e634c0194495e8ab08e96b34aa71e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.773600/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224The epithelium is integral to the protection of many different biological systems and for the maintenance of biochemical homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that particular children have epithelial vulnerabilities leading to dysregulated barrier function and integrity, that resultantly contributes to disease pathogenesis. These epithelial vulnerabilities likely develop in utero or in early life due to various genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Although various epithelia are uniquely structured with specific function, prevalent allergic-type epithelial diseases in children potentially have common or parallel disease processes. These include inflammation and immune response dysregulation stemming from atypical epithelial barrier function and integrity. Two diseases where aetiology and pathogenesis are potentially linked to epithelial vulnerabilities include Paediatric Asthma and Eosinophilic Oesophagitis (EoE). For example, rhinovirus C (RV-C) is a known risk factor for paediatric asthma development and is known to disrupt respiratory epithelial barrier function causing acute inflammation. In addition, EoE, a prevalent atopic condition of the oesophageal epithelium, is characterised by similar innate immune and epithelial responses to viral injury. This review examines the current literature and identifies the gaps in the field defining viral-induced effects on a vulnerable respiratory epithelium and resulting chronic inflammation, drawing from knowledge generated in acute wheezing illness, paediatric asthma and EoE. Besides highlighting the importance of epithelial structure and barrier function in allergic disease pathogenesis regardless of specific epithelial sub-types, this review focuses on the importance of examining other parallel allergic-type disease processes that may uncover commonalities driving disease pathogenesis. This in turn may be beneficial in the development of common therapeutics for current clinical management and disease prevention in the future.Rebecca L. WatkinsonRebecca L. WatkinsonKevin LooiKevin LooiIngrid A. LaingIngrid A. LaingAntonella CianferoniAnthony KicicAnthony KicicAnthony KicicFrontiers Media S.A.articlerhinovirus (RV)epitheliumasthmawheezingallergicairwayImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENFrontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	rhinovirus (RV) epithelium asthma wheezing allergic airway Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	rhinovirus (RV) epithelium asthma wheezing allergic airway Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Rebecca L. Watkinson Rebecca L. Watkinson Kevin Looi Kevin Looi Ingrid A. Laing Ingrid A. Laing Antonella Cianferoni Anthony Kicic Anthony Kicic Anthony Kicic Viral Induced Effects on a Vulnerable Epithelium; Lessons Learned From Paediatric Asthma and Eosinophilic Oesophagitis
description	The epithelium is integral to the protection of many different biological systems and for the maintenance of biochemical homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that particular children have epithelial vulnerabilities leading to dysregulated barrier function and integrity, that resultantly contributes to disease pathogenesis. These epithelial vulnerabilities likely develop in utero or in early life due to various genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Although various epithelia are uniquely structured with specific function, prevalent allergic-type epithelial diseases in children potentially have common or parallel disease processes. These include inflammation and immune response dysregulation stemming from atypical epithelial barrier function and integrity. Two diseases where aetiology and pathogenesis are potentially linked to epithelial vulnerabilities include Paediatric Asthma and Eosinophilic Oesophagitis (EoE). For example, rhinovirus C (RV-C) is a known risk factor for paediatric asthma development and is known to disrupt respiratory epithelial barrier function causing acute inflammation. In addition, EoE, a prevalent atopic condition of the oesophageal epithelium, is characterised by similar innate immune and epithelial responses to viral injury. This review examines the current literature and identifies the gaps in the field defining viral-induced effects on a vulnerable respiratory epithelium and resulting chronic inflammation, drawing from knowledge generated in acute wheezing illness, paediatric asthma and EoE. Besides highlighting the importance of epithelial structure and barrier function in allergic disease pathogenesis regardless of specific epithelial sub-types, this review focuses on the importance of examining other parallel allergic-type disease processes that may uncover commonalities driving disease pathogenesis. This in turn may be beneficial in the development of common therapeutics for current clinical management and disease prevention in the future.
format	article
author	Rebecca L. Watkinson Rebecca L. Watkinson Kevin Looi Kevin Looi Ingrid A. Laing Ingrid A. Laing Antonella Cianferoni Anthony Kicic Anthony Kicic Anthony Kicic
author_facet	Rebecca L. Watkinson Rebecca L. Watkinson Kevin Looi Kevin Looi Ingrid A. Laing Ingrid A. Laing Antonella Cianferoni Anthony Kicic Anthony Kicic Anthony Kicic
author_sort	Rebecca L. Watkinson
title	Viral Induced Effects on a Vulnerable Epithelium; Lessons Learned From Paediatric Asthma and Eosinophilic Oesophagitis
title_short	Viral Induced Effects on a Vulnerable Epithelium; Lessons Learned From Paediatric Asthma and Eosinophilic Oesophagitis
title_full	Viral Induced Effects on a Vulnerable Epithelium; Lessons Learned From Paediatric Asthma and Eosinophilic Oesophagitis
title_fullStr	Viral Induced Effects on a Vulnerable Epithelium; Lessons Learned From Paediatric Asthma and Eosinophilic Oesophagitis
title_full_unstemmed	Viral Induced Effects on a Vulnerable Epithelium; Lessons Learned From Paediatric Asthma and Eosinophilic Oesophagitis
title_sort	viral induced effects on a vulnerable epithelium; lessons learned from paediatric asthma and eosinophilic oesophagitis
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5d4e634c0194495e8ab08e96b34aa71e
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Viral Induced Effects on a Vulnerable Epithelium; Lessons Learned From Paediatric Asthma and Eosinophilic Oesophagitis

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