Evaluation of selected ultra-trace minerals in commercially available dry dog foods

Hyun-tae Kim,1 John P Loftus,1 Jason W Gagné,1 Michael A Rutzke,2 Raymond P Glahn,3 Joseph J Wakshlag1 1Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ithaca, NY, USA; 2Cornell University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, School of Integrative...

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Autores principales:	Kim H, Loftus JP, Gagné JW, Rutzke MA, Glahn RP, Wakshlag JJ
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	dog food ultra-trace minerals food safety ICP-AES Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5d64e7564cca489c8107bf9867bfa9e0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5d64e7564cca489c8107bf9867bfa9e02021-12-02T01:19:21ZEvaluation of selected ultra-trace minerals in commercially available dry dog foods2230-2034https://doaj.org/article/5d64e7564cca489c8107bf9867bfa9e02018-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/evaluation-of-selected-ultra-trace-minerals-in-commercially-available--peer-reviewed-article-VMRRhttps://doaj.org/toc/2230-2034Hyun-tae Kim,1 John P Loftus,1 Jason W Gagné,1 Michael A Rutzke,2 Raymond P Glahn,3 Joseph J Wakshlag1 1Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ithaca, NY, USA; 2Cornell University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Ithaca, NY, USA; 3Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ithaca, NY, USA Purpose: To evaluate the concentrations of chromium, nickel, molybdenum, silica, and aluminum in several commercially available dry dog foods and compare these with current World Health Organization’s (WHO) mean human daily dietary intake. Conversion of dietary intake per megacalorie (Mcal) for both dog foods and human average intake was performed based on the National Research Council recommendation of a 2,900 kcal diet for comparative purposes to average intake and potential toxic exposure.Materials and methods: Forty-nine over-the-counter dry foods formulated for maintenance of healthy dogs yet listed as all life stage foods were analyzed. Concentrations of the ultra-trace minerals were measured via inductively coupled plasma atomic emission and represented per Mcal for comparative purposes as it relates to common intake in dogs in comparison with humans.Results: Chromium, molybdenum, and aluminum concentrations in all of the dog foods were at levels that would be considered above average human daily consumption on a caloric basis. Nickel and silica calculated intakes per Mcal were comparable with human intake patterns, while both trace minerals displayed outliers exceeding at least twofold of the upper range of human daily intake.Conclusion: Overall, ultra-trace minerals found in dog foods were above the expected average daily intake for humans on a caloric basis. There was no evidence of potential chronic toxic exposure based on presumptive intake extrapolated from WHO published toxic intake concentrations for humans or domestic animals. The large range of silica intake from various foods (2.96–83.67 mg/1,000 kcal) may have health implications in dogs prone to silica urolithiasis. Further studies investigating the bioavailability of these ultra-trace minerals and establishing dietary ultra-trace mineral allowance would be ideal; however, based on these findings, consumption of these ultra-trace minerals in over-the-counter dry dog foods appears safe. Keywords: dog food, ultra-trace minerals, food safety, ICP-AESKim HLoftus JPGagné JWRutzke MAGlahn RPWakshlag JJDove Medical Pressarticledog foodultra-trace mineralsfood safetyICP-AESVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENVeterinary Medicine: Research and Reports, Vol Volume 9, Pp 43-51 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	dog food ultra-trace minerals food safety ICP-AES Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	dog food ultra-trace minerals food safety ICP-AES Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Kim H Loftus JP Gagné JW Rutzke MA Glahn RP Wakshlag JJ Evaluation of selected ultra-trace minerals in commercially available dry dog foods
description	Hyun-tae Kim,1 John P Loftus,1 Jason W Gagné,1 Michael A Rutzke,2 Raymond P Glahn,3 Joseph J Wakshlag1 1Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Ithaca, NY, USA; 2Cornell University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Ithaca, NY, USA; 3Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ithaca, NY, USA Purpose: To evaluate the concentrations of chromium, nickel, molybdenum, silica, and aluminum in several commercially available dry dog foods and compare these with current World Health Organization’s (WHO) mean human daily dietary intake. Conversion of dietary intake per megacalorie (Mcal) for both dog foods and human average intake was performed based on the National Research Council recommendation of a 2,900 kcal diet for comparative purposes to average intake and potential toxic exposure.Materials and methods: Forty-nine over-the-counter dry foods formulated for maintenance of healthy dogs yet listed as all life stage foods were analyzed. Concentrations of the ultra-trace minerals were measured via inductively coupled plasma atomic emission and represented per Mcal for comparative purposes as it relates to common intake in dogs in comparison with humans.Results: Chromium, molybdenum, and aluminum concentrations in all of the dog foods were at levels that would be considered above average human daily consumption on a caloric basis. Nickel and silica calculated intakes per Mcal were comparable with human intake patterns, while both trace minerals displayed outliers exceeding at least twofold of the upper range of human daily intake.Conclusion: Overall, ultra-trace minerals found in dog foods were above the expected average daily intake for humans on a caloric basis. There was no evidence of potential chronic toxic exposure based on presumptive intake extrapolated from WHO published toxic intake concentrations for humans or domestic animals. The large range of silica intake from various foods (2.96–83.67 mg/1,000 kcal) may have health implications in dogs prone to silica urolithiasis. Further studies investigating the bioavailability of these ultra-trace minerals and establishing dietary ultra-trace mineral allowance would be ideal; however, based on these findings, consumption of these ultra-trace minerals in over-the-counter dry dog foods appears safe. Keywords: dog food, ultra-trace minerals, food safety, ICP-AES
format	article
author	Kim H Loftus JP Gagné JW Rutzke MA Glahn RP Wakshlag JJ
author_facet	Kim H Loftus JP Gagné JW Rutzke MA Glahn RP Wakshlag JJ
author_sort	Kim H
title	Evaluation of selected ultra-trace minerals in commercially available dry dog foods
title_short	Evaluation of selected ultra-trace minerals in commercially available dry dog foods
title_full	Evaluation of selected ultra-trace minerals in commercially available dry dog foods
title_fullStr	Evaluation of selected ultra-trace minerals in commercially available dry dog foods
title_full_unstemmed	Evaluation of selected ultra-trace minerals in commercially available dry dog foods
title_sort	evaluation of selected ultra-trace minerals in commercially available dry dog foods
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/5d64e7564cca489c8107bf9867bfa9e0
work_keys_str_mv	AT kimh evaluationofselectedultratracemineralsincommerciallyavailabledrydogfoods AT loftusjp evaluationofselectedultratracemineralsincommerciallyavailabledrydogfoods AT gagnejw evaluationofselectedultratracemineralsincommerciallyavailabledrydogfoods AT rutzkema evaluationofselectedultratracemineralsincommerciallyavailabledrydogfoods AT glahnrp evaluationofselectedultratracemineralsincommerciallyavailabledrydogfoods AT wakshlagjj evaluationofselectedultratracemineralsincommerciallyavailabledrydogfoods
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Evaluation of selected ultra-trace minerals in commercially available dry dog foods

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