Beta vulgaris Assisted Fabrication of Novel Ag-Cu Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Growth Inhibition and Virulence in Candida albicans

Beta vulgaris extract contains water-soluble red pigment betanin and is used as a food colorant. In this study, the biogenic Ag-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, including UV–Visible, FTIR, TEM. SE...

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Autores principales:	Majid Rasool Kamli, Maqsood Ahmad Malik, Shabir Ahmad Lone, Jamal S. M. Sabir, Ehab H. Mattar, Aijaz Ahmad
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	bimetallic nanoparticle <i>Candida albicans</i> virulence factors biofilm cell viability Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5dc003a8198c4725a2cde72b8663009b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5dc003a8198c4725a2cde72b8663009b2021-11-25T18:42:21Z<i>Beta vulgaris </i>Assisted Fabrication of Novel Ag-Cu Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Growth Inhibition and Virulence in <i>Candida albicans</i>10.3390/pharmaceutics131119571999-4923https://doaj.org/article/5dc003a8198c4725a2cde72b8663009b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/11/1957https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4923<i>Beta vulgaris</i> extract contains water-soluble red pigment betanin and is used as a food colorant. In this study, the biogenic Ag-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, including UV–Visible, FTIR, TEM. SEM-EDX, XRD, and TGA. Further, Ag-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles capped with <i>Beta vulgaris</i> biomolecules were evaluated for their antifungal activity against <i>Candida albicans </i>via targeting its major virulence factors, including adherence, yeast to hyphae transition, extracellular enzyme secretion, biofilm formation, and the expression of genes related to these pathogenic traits by using standard methods. <i>C. albicans</i> is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality, mainly in immunocompromised patients. The current antifungal therapy is limited with various shortcomings such as host toxicity and developing multidrug resistance. Therefore, the development of novel antifungal agents is urgently required. Furthermore, NPs were screened for cell viability and cytotoxicity effect. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed potent antifungal activity of the Ag-Cu bimetallic NPs with a significant inhibitory effect on adherence, yeast to hyphae transition, extracellular enzymes secretion, and formation of biofilms in <i>C. albicans</i> at sub-inhibitory and inhibitory concentrations. The RT-qPCR results at an MIC value of the NPs exhibited a varying degree of downregulation in expression levels of virulence genes. Results also revealed the dose-dependent effect of NPs on cellular viability (up to 100%) using MUSE cell analyzer. Moreover, the low cytotoxicity effect of bimetallic NPs has been observed using haemolytic assay. The overall results indicated that the newly synthesized Ag-Cu bimetallic NPs capped with <i>Beta vulgaris</i> are proven to possess a potent anticandidal activity, by affecting the vital pathogenic factors of <i>C. albicans</i>.Majid Rasool KamliMaqsood Ahmad MalikShabir Ahmad LoneJamal S. M. SabirEhab H. MattarAijaz AhmadMDPI AGarticlebimetallic nanoparticle<i>Candida albicans</i>virulence factorsbiofilmcell viabilityPharmacy and materia medicaRS1-441ENPharmaceutics, Vol 13, Iss 1957, p 1957 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bimetallic nanoparticle <i>Candida albicans</i> virulence factors biofilm cell viability Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441
spellingShingle	bimetallic nanoparticle <i>Candida albicans</i> virulence factors biofilm cell viability Pharmacy and materia medica RS1-441 Majid Rasool Kamli Maqsood Ahmad Malik Shabir Ahmad Lone Jamal S. M. Sabir Ehab H. Mattar Aijaz Ahmad <i>Beta vulgaris </i>Assisted Fabrication of Novel Ag-Cu Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Growth Inhibition and Virulence in <i>Candida albicans</i>
description	<i>Beta vulgaris</i> extract contains water-soluble red pigment betanin and is used as a food colorant. In this study, the biogenic Ag-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, including UV–Visible, FTIR, TEM. SEM-EDX, XRD, and TGA. Further, Ag-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles capped with <i>Beta vulgaris</i> biomolecules were evaluated for their antifungal activity against <i>Candida albicans </i>via targeting its major virulence factors, including adherence, yeast to hyphae transition, extracellular enzyme secretion, biofilm formation, and the expression of genes related to these pathogenic traits by using standard methods. <i>C. albicans</i> is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality, mainly in immunocompromised patients. The current antifungal therapy is limited with various shortcomings such as host toxicity and developing multidrug resistance. Therefore, the development of novel antifungal agents is urgently required. Furthermore, NPs were screened for cell viability and cytotoxicity effect. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed potent antifungal activity of the Ag-Cu bimetallic NPs with a significant inhibitory effect on adherence, yeast to hyphae transition, extracellular enzymes secretion, and formation of biofilms in <i>C. albicans</i> at sub-inhibitory and inhibitory concentrations. The RT-qPCR results at an MIC value of the NPs exhibited a varying degree of downregulation in expression levels of virulence genes. Results also revealed the dose-dependent effect of NPs on cellular viability (up to 100%) using MUSE cell analyzer. Moreover, the low cytotoxicity effect of bimetallic NPs has been observed using haemolytic assay. The overall results indicated that the newly synthesized Ag-Cu bimetallic NPs capped with <i>Beta vulgaris</i> are proven to possess a potent anticandidal activity, by affecting the vital pathogenic factors of <i>C. albicans</i>.
format	article
author	Majid Rasool Kamli Maqsood Ahmad Malik Shabir Ahmad Lone Jamal S. M. Sabir Ehab H. Mattar Aijaz Ahmad
author_facet	Majid Rasool Kamli Maqsood Ahmad Malik Shabir Ahmad Lone Jamal S. M. Sabir Ehab H. Mattar Aijaz Ahmad
author_sort	Majid Rasool Kamli
title	<i>Beta vulgaris </i>Assisted Fabrication of Novel Ag-Cu Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Growth Inhibition and Virulence in <i>Candida albicans</i>
title_short	<i>Beta vulgaris </i>Assisted Fabrication of Novel Ag-Cu Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Growth Inhibition and Virulence in <i>Candida albicans</i>
title_full	<i>Beta vulgaris </i>Assisted Fabrication of Novel Ag-Cu Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Growth Inhibition and Virulence in <i>Candida albicans</i>
title_fullStr	<i>Beta vulgaris </i>Assisted Fabrication of Novel Ag-Cu Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Growth Inhibition and Virulence in <i>Candida albicans</i>
title_full_unstemmed	<i>Beta vulgaris </i>Assisted Fabrication of Novel Ag-Cu Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Growth Inhibition and Virulence in <i>Candida albicans</i>
title_sort	<i>beta vulgaris </i>assisted fabrication of novel ag-cu bimetallic nanoparticles for growth inhibition and virulence in <i>candida albicans</i>
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5dc003a8198c4725a2cde72b8663009b
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<i>Beta vulgaris </i>Assisted Fabrication of Novel Ag-Cu Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Growth Inhibition and Virulence in <i>Candida albicans</i>

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