Mapping socioeconomic inequalities in malaria in Sub-Sahara African countries

Abstract Despite reductions in malaria incidence and mortality across Sub-Saharan (SSA) countries, malaria control and elimination efforts are currently facing multiple global challenges such as climate and land use change, invasive vectors, and disruptions in healthcare delivery. Although relations...

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Autores principales:	Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar, Kimberly Fornace, Tarik Benmarhnia
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5dc60f70d0d54544bef4216725b37850
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5dc60f70d0d54544bef4216725b378502021-12-02T17:55:13ZMapping socioeconomic inequalities in malaria in Sub-Sahara African countries10.1038/s41598-021-94601-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/5dc60f70d0d54544bef4216725b378502021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94601-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Despite reductions in malaria incidence and mortality across Sub-Saharan (SSA) countries, malaria control and elimination efforts are currently facing multiple global challenges such as climate and land use change, invasive vectors, and disruptions in healthcare delivery. Although relationships between malaria risks and socioeconomic factors have been widely demonstrated, the strengths and variability of these associations have not been quantified across SSA. In this study, we used data from population-based malaria indicator surveys in SSA countries to assess spatial trends in relative and absolute socioeconomic inequalities, analyzed as social (mothers’ highest educational level—MHEL) and economic (wealth index—WI) inequalities in malaria prevalence. To capture spatial variations in socioeconomic (represented by both WI and MHEL) inequalities in malaria, we calculated both the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Relative Index of Inequality (RII) in each administrative region. We also conducted cluster analyses based on Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) to consider the spatial auto-correlation in SII and RII across regions and countries. A total of 47,404 participants in 1874 Primary Sampling Units (PSU) were analyzed across the 13 SSA countries. Our multi-country assessment provides estimations of strong socioeconomic inequalities between and within SSA countries. Such within- and between- countries inequalities varied greatly according to the socioeconomic metric and the scale used. Countries located in Eastern Africa showed a higher median Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Relative Index of Inequality (RII) in malaria prevalence relative to WI in comparison to countries in other locations across SSA. Pockets of high SII in malaria prevalence in relation to WI and MHEL were observed in the East part of Africa. This study was able to map this wide range of malaria inequality metrics at a very local scale and highlighted the spatial clustering patterns of pockets of high and low malaria inequality values.Gabriel Carrasco-EscobarKimberly FornaceTarik BenmarhniaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar Kimberly Fornace Tarik Benmarhnia Mapping socioeconomic inequalities in malaria in Sub-Sahara African countries
description	Abstract Despite reductions in malaria incidence and mortality across Sub-Saharan (SSA) countries, malaria control and elimination efforts are currently facing multiple global challenges such as climate and land use change, invasive vectors, and disruptions in healthcare delivery. Although relationships between malaria risks and socioeconomic factors have been widely demonstrated, the strengths and variability of these associations have not been quantified across SSA. In this study, we used data from population-based malaria indicator surveys in SSA countries to assess spatial trends in relative and absolute socioeconomic inequalities, analyzed as social (mothers’ highest educational level—MHEL) and economic (wealth index—WI) inequalities in malaria prevalence. To capture spatial variations in socioeconomic (represented by both WI and MHEL) inequalities in malaria, we calculated both the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Relative Index of Inequality (RII) in each administrative region. We also conducted cluster analyses based on Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) to consider the spatial auto-correlation in SII and RII across regions and countries. A total of 47,404 participants in 1874 Primary Sampling Units (PSU) were analyzed across the 13 SSA countries. Our multi-country assessment provides estimations of strong socioeconomic inequalities between and within SSA countries. Such within- and between- countries inequalities varied greatly according to the socioeconomic metric and the scale used. Countries located in Eastern Africa showed a higher median Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Relative Index of Inequality (RII) in malaria prevalence relative to WI in comparison to countries in other locations across SSA. Pockets of high SII in malaria prevalence in relation to WI and MHEL were observed in the East part of Africa. This study was able to map this wide range of malaria inequality metrics at a very local scale and highlighted the spatial clustering patterns of pockets of high and low malaria inequality values.
format	article
author	Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar Kimberly Fornace Tarik Benmarhnia
author_facet	Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar Kimberly Fornace Tarik Benmarhnia
author_sort	Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar
title	Mapping socioeconomic inequalities in malaria in Sub-Sahara African countries
title_short	Mapping socioeconomic inequalities in malaria in Sub-Sahara African countries
title_full	Mapping socioeconomic inequalities in malaria in Sub-Sahara African countries
title_fullStr	Mapping socioeconomic inequalities in malaria in Sub-Sahara African countries
title_full_unstemmed	Mapping socioeconomic inequalities in malaria in Sub-Sahara African countries
title_sort	mapping socioeconomic inequalities in malaria in sub-sahara african countries
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5dc60f70d0d54544bef4216725b37850
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Mapping socioeconomic inequalities in malaria in Sub-Sahara African countries

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