Sex Differences in Large Artery Stiffness: Implications for Cerebrovascular Dysfunction and Alzheimer’s Disease

Two in every three Alzheimer’s disease diagnoses are females, calling attention to the need to understand sexual dimorphisms with aging and neurodegenerative disease progression. Dysfunction and damage to the vasculature with aging are strongly linked to Alzheimer’s disease. With aging there is an i...

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Autores principales:	Mackenzie N. Kehmeier, Ashley E. Walker
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	arterial stiffness pulse pressure endothelial cell cerebrovascular cognitive impairment menopause Geriatrics RC952-954.6
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5dc68a6fb65046b194520354fc47ece2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5dc68a6fb65046b194520354fc47ece22021-12-01T23:11:37ZSex Differences in Large Artery Stiffness: Implications for Cerebrovascular Dysfunction and Alzheimer’s Disease2673-621710.3389/fragi.2021.791208https://doaj.org/article/5dc68a6fb65046b194520354fc47ece22021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fragi.2021.791208/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2673-6217Two in every three Alzheimer’s disease diagnoses are females, calling attention to the need to understand sexual dimorphisms with aging and neurodegenerative disease progression. Dysfunction and damage to the vasculature with aging are strongly linked to Alzheimer’s disease. With aging there is an increase in stiffness of the large elastic arteries, and this stiffening is associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment. However, it is unclear how the deleterious effects of arterial stiffness may differ between females and males. While environmental, chromosomal, and sex hormone factors influence aging, there is evidence that the deficiency of estrogen post-menopause in females is a contributor to vascular aging and Alzheimer’s disease progression. The purpose of this mini review is to describe the recent developments in our understanding of sex differences in large artery stiffness, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and cognitive impairment, and their intricate relations. Furthermore, we will focus on the impact of the loss of estrogen post-menopause as a potential driving factor for these outcomes. Overall, a better understanding of how sex differences influence aging physiology is crucial to the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.Mackenzie N. KehmeierAshley E. WalkerFrontiers Media S.A.articlearterial stiffnesspulse pressureendothelial cellcerebrovascularcognitive impairmentmenopauseGeriatricsRC952-954.6ENFrontiers in Aging, Vol 2 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	arterial stiffness pulse pressure endothelial cell cerebrovascular cognitive impairment menopause Geriatrics RC952-954.6
spellingShingle	arterial stiffness pulse pressure endothelial cell cerebrovascular cognitive impairment menopause Geriatrics RC952-954.6 Mackenzie N. Kehmeier Ashley E. Walker Sex Differences in Large Artery Stiffness: Implications for Cerebrovascular Dysfunction and Alzheimer’s Disease
description	Two in every three Alzheimer’s disease diagnoses are females, calling attention to the need to understand sexual dimorphisms with aging and neurodegenerative disease progression. Dysfunction and damage to the vasculature with aging are strongly linked to Alzheimer’s disease. With aging there is an increase in stiffness of the large elastic arteries, and this stiffening is associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment. However, it is unclear how the deleterious effects of arterial stiffness may differ between females and males. While environmental, chromosomal, and sex hormone factors influence aging, there is evidence that the deficiency of estrogen post-menopause in females is a contributor to vascular aging and Alzheimer’s disease progression. The purpose of this mini review is to describe the recent developments in our understanding of sex differences in large artery stiffness, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and cognitive impairment, and their intricate relations. Furthermore, we will focus on the impact of the loss of estrogen post-menopause as a potential driving factor for these outcomes. Overall, a better understanding of how sex differences influence aging physiology is crucial to the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
format	article
author	Mackenzie N. Kehmeier Ashley E. Walker
author_facet	Mackenzie N. Kehmeier Ashley E. Walker
author_sort	Mackenzie N. Kehmeier
title	Sex Differences in Large Artery Stiffness: Implications for Cerebrovascular Dysfunction and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_short	Sex Differences in Large Artery Stiffness: Implications for Cerebrovascular Dysfunction and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_full	Sex Differences in Large Artery Stiffness: Implications for Cerebrovascular Dysfunction and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_fullStr	Sex Differences in Large Artery Stiffness: Implications for Cerebrovascular Dysfunction and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_full_unstemmed	Sex Differences in Large Artery Stiffness: Implications for Cerebrovascular Dysfunction and Alzheimer’s Disease
title_sort	sex differences in large artery stiffness: implications for cerebrovascular dysfunction and alzheimer’s disease
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5dc68a6fb65046b194520354fc47ece2
work_keys_str_mv	AT mackenzienkehmeier sexdifferencesinlargearterystiffnessimplicationsforcerebrovasculardysfunctionandalzheimersdisease AT ashleyewalker sexdifferencesinlargearterystiffnessimplicationsforcerebrovasculardysfunctionandalzheimersdisease
_version_	1718403985226858496

Sex Differences in Large Artery Stiffness: Implications for Cerebrovascular Dysfunction and Alzheimer’s Disease

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