Implications of Nutritional Management on Fatty Acid Profiles of Southern White Rhinoceroses (<i>Ceratotherium simum simum</i>) Housed at Two Zoological Institutions

Southern white rhinoceroses (<i>Ceratotherium simum simum</i>) are African megaherbivores that are considered near threatened by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. The fatty acid circulating values of these animals have not been thoroughly investigated. Fatty acids a...

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Autores principales:	Jordan Wood, Larry Jb Minter, Troy Neil Tollefson, Heidi Bissell, Doug Bibus, Kimberly Ange-van Heugten
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	fatty acid profiles rhinoceros whole blood Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5dc78aed256e41dd8f15e18b5b1d4158
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5dc78aed256e41dd8f15e18b5b1d41582021-11-25T16:14:21ZImplications of Nutritional Management on Fatty Acid Profiles of Southern White Rhinoceroses (<i>Ceratotherium simum simum</i>) Housed at Two Zoological Institutions10.3390/ani111130632076-2615https://doaj.org/article/5dc78aed256e41dd8f15e18b5b1d41582021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3063https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Southern white rhinoceroses (<i>Ceratotherium simum simum</i>) are African megaherbivores that are considered near threatened by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. The fatty acid circulating values of these animals have not been thoroughly investigated. Fatty acids are critical for immune, heart, skin, and reproductive health, and may have a significant impact on the management and conservation of this species. Published data on fatty acids in this species is limited to incomplete profiles with very few animals in managed environments. The objectives of this research were to provide novel fatty acid percentage profiles for managed healthy southern white rhinoceroses, as well as to provide comparisons between two zoological institutions with differences in diet and climate during two distinct pasture growth periods. Whole blood samples were collected as dried blood spots from six rhinoceroses at the North Carolina Zoo (NC Zoo) and five rhinoceroses at Busch Gardens Tampa (BGT) in the low growth period (February to April) of 2019 and during the high growth period (July to September) of 2020. Fatty acid results indicated numerous differences when comparing the institutions within the same growth period and when comparing the same institution between its two growth periods. Most noteworthy were the higher levels of α-linolenic acid (18:3w3) and total omega-3 fatty acids and the lower linoleic acid (18:2w6), total omega-6 fatty acids, and omega-6 to omega-3 ratio found in the BGT population in both growth periods. This study provides novel percentages of fatty acids in managed southern white rhinoceroses and data on how fatty acid profiles may be altered between two housing locations via dietary differences in hay type and quantity, pasture availability via season, and pellet inclusion levels.Jordan WoodLarry Jb MinterTroy Neil TollefsonHeidi BissellDoug BibusKimberly Ange-van HeugtenMDPI AGarticlefatty acid profilesrhinoceroswhole bloodVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ZoologyQL1-991ENAnimals, Vol 11, Iss 3063, p 3063 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	fatty acid profiles rhinoceros whole blood Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991
spellingShingle	fatty acid profiles rhinoceros whole blood Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Zoology QL1-991 Jordan Wood Larry Jb Minter Troy Neil Tollefson Heidi Bissell Doug Bibus Kimberly Ange-van Heugten Implications of Nutritional Management on Fatty Acid Profiles of Southern White Rhinoceroses (<i>Ceratotherium simum simum</i>) Housed at Two Zoological Institutions
description	Southern white rhinoceroses (<i>Ceratotherium simum simum</i>) are African megaherbivores that are considered near threatened by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. The fatty acid circulating values of these animals have not been thoroughly investigated. Fatty acids are critical for immune, heart, skin, and reproductive health, and may have a significant impact on the management and conservation of this species. Published data on fatty acids in this species is limited to incomplete profiles with very few animals in managed environments. The objectives of this research were to provide novel fatty acid percentage profiles for managed healthy southern white rhinoceroses, as well as to provide comparisons between two zoological institutions with differences in diet and climate during two distinct pasture growth periods. Whole blood samples were collected as dried blood spots from six rhinoceroses at the North Carolina Zoo (NC Zoo) and five rhinoceroses at Busch Gardens Tampa (BGT) in the low growth period (February to April) of 2019 and during the high growth period (July to September) of 2020. Fatty acid results indicated numerous differences when comparing the institutions within the same growth period and when comparing the same institution between its two growth periods. Most noteworthy were the higher levels of α-linolenic acid (18:3w3) and total omega-3 fatty acids and the lower linoleic acid (18:2w6), total omega-6 fatty acids, and omega-6 to omega-3 ratio found in the BGT population in both growth periods. This study provides novel percentages of fatty acids in managed southern white rhinoceroses and data on how fatty acid profiles may be altered between two housing locations via dietary differences in hay type and quantity, pasture availability via season, and pellet inclusion levels.
format	article
author	Jordan Wood Larry Jb Minter Troy Neil Tollefson Heidi Bissell Doug Bibus Kimberly Ange-van Heugten
author_facet	Jordan Wood Larry Jb Minter Troy Neil Tollefson Heidi Bissell Doug Bibus Kimberly Ange-van Heugten
author_sort	Jordan Wood
title	Implications of Nutritional Management on Fatty Acid Profiles of Southern White Rhinoceroses (<i>Ceratotherium simum simum</i>) Housed at Two Zoological Institutions
title_short	Implications of Nutritional Management on Fatty Acid Profiles of Southern White Rhinoceroses (<i>Ceratotherium simum simum</i>) Housed at Two Zoological Institutions
title_full	Implications of Nutritional Management on Fatty Acid Profiles of Southern White Rhinoceroses (<i>Ceratotherium simum simum</i>) Housed at Two Zoological Institutions
title_fullStr	Implications of Nutritional Management on Fatty Acid Profiles of Southern White Rhinoceroses (<i>Ceratotherium simum simum</i>) Housed at Two Zoological Institutions
title_full_unstemmed	Implications of Nutritional Management on Fatty Acid Profiles of Southern White Rhinoceroses (<i>Ceratotherium simum simum</i>) Housed at Two Zoological Institutions
title_sort	implications of nutritional management on fatty acid profiles of southern white rhinoceroses (<i>ceratotherium simum simum</i>) housed at two zoological institutions
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5dc78aed256e41dd8f15e18b5b1d4158
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Implications of Nutritional Management on Fatty Acid Profiles of Southern White Rhinoceroses (<i>Ceratotherium simum simum</i>) Housed at Two Zoological Institutions

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