Use of electroporation and reverse iontophoresis for extraction of transdermal multibiomarkers

Congo Tak-Shing Ching1,2, Lin-Shien Fu3-5, Tai-Ping Sun1, Tzu-Hsiang Hsu1, Kang-Ming Chang21Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou County, 2Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, 3Department of Pediatrics, Na...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Ching CTS, Fu LS, Sun TP, Hsu TH, Chang KM
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2012
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5de2645305484eba96ec98b57be0dcac
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:5de2645305484eba96ec98b57be0dcac
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5de2645305484eba96ec98b57be0dcac2021-12-02T05:02:16ZUse of electroporation and reverse iontophoresis for extraction of transdermal multibiomarkers1176-91141178-2013https://doaj.org/article/5de2645305484eba96ec98b57be0dcac2012-02-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/use-of-electroporation-and-reverse-iontophoresis-for-extraction-of-tra-a9328https://doaj.org/toc/1176-9114https://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Congo Tak-Shing Ching1,2, Lin-Shien Fu3-5, Tai-Ping Sun1, Tzu-Hsiang Hsu1, Kang-Ming Chang21Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou County, 2Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, 3Department of Pediatrics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 4Institute of Technology, National Chi Nan University, Puli, 5Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, TaiwanBackground: Monitoring of biomarkers, like urea, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and osteopontin, is very important because they are related to kidney disease, prostate cancer, and ovarian cancer, respectively. It is well known that reverse iontophoresis can enhance transdermal extraction of small molecules, and even large molecules if reverse iontophoresis is used together with electroporation. Electroporation is the use of a high-voltage electrical pulse to create nanochannels within the stratum corneum, temporarily and reversibly. Reverse iontophoresis is the use of a small current to facilitate both charged and uncharged molecule transportation across the skin. The objectives of this in vitro study were to determine whether PSA and osteopontin are extractable transdermally and noninvasively and whether urea, PSA, and osteopontin can be extracted simultaneously by electroporation and reverse iontophoresis.Methods: All in vitro experiments were conducted using a diffusion cell assembled with the stratum corneum of porcine skin. Three different symmetrical biphasic direct currents (SBdc), five various electroporations, and a combination of the two techniques were applied to the diffusion cell via Ag/AgCl electrodes. The three different SBdc had the same current density of 0.3 mA/cm2, but different phase durations of 0 (ie, no current, control group), 30, and 180 seconds. The five different electroporations had the same pulse width of 1 msec and number of pulses per second of 10, but different electric field strengths of 0 (ie, no voltage, control group), 74, 148, 296, and 592 V/cm. Before and after each extraction experiment, skin impedance was measured at 20 Hz.Results: It was found that urea could be extracted transdermally using reverse iontophoresis alone, and further enhancement of extraction could be achieved by combined use of electroporation and reverse iontophoresis. Conversely, PSA and osteopontin were found to be extracted transdermally only by use of reverse iontophoresis and electroporation with a high electrical field strength (&gt;296 V/cm). After application of reverse iontophoresis, electroporation, or a combination of the two techniques, a reduction in skin impedance was observed.Conclusion: Simultaneous transdermal extraction of urea, PSA, and osteopontin is possible only for the condition of applying reverse iontophoresis in conjunction with high electroporation.Keywords: electroporation, reverse iontophoresis, nanochannels, noninvasive, urea, prostate-specific antigen, osteopontinChing CTSFu LSSun TPHsu THChang KMDove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2012, Iss default, Pp 885-894 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Ching CTS Fu LS Sun TP Hsu TH Chang KM Use of electroporation and reverse iontophoresis for extraction of transdermal multibiomarkers
description	Congo Tak-Shing Ching1,2, Lin-Shien Fu3-5, Tai-Ping Sun1, Tzu-Hsiang Hsu1, Kang-Ming Chang21Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou County, 2Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, 3Department of Pediatrics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 4Institute of Technology, National Chi Nan University, Puli, 5Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, TaiwanBackground: Monitoring of biomarkers, like urea, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and osteopontin, is very important because they are related to kidney disease, prostate cancer, and ovarian cancer, respectively. It is well known that reverse iontophoresis can enhance transdermal extraction of small molecules, and even large molecules if reverse iontophoresis is used together with electroporation. Electroporation is the use of a high-voltage electrical pulse to create nanochannels within the stratum corneum, temporarily and reversibly. Reverse iontophoresis is the use of a small current to facilitate both charged and uncharged molecule transportation across the skin. The objectives of this in vitro study were to determine whether PSA and osteopontin are extractable transdermally and noninvasively and whether urea, PSA, and osteopontin can be extracted simultaneously by electroporation and reverse iontophoresis.Methods: All in vitro experiments were conducted using a diffusion cell assembled with the stratum corneum of porcine skin. Three different symmetrical biphasic direct currents (SBdc), five various electroporations, and a combination of the two techniques were applied to the diffusion cell via Ag/AgCl electrodes. The three different SBdc had the same current density of 0.3 mA/cm2, but different phase durations of 0 (ie, no current, control group), 30, and 180 seconds. The five different electroporations had the same pulse width of 1 msec and number of pulses per second of 10, but different electric field strengths of 0 (ie, no voltage, control group), 74, 148, 296, and 592 V/cm. Before and after each extraction experiment, skin impedance was measured at 20 Hz.Results: It was found that urea could be extracted transdermally using reverse iontophoresis alone, and further enhancement of extraction could be achieved by combined use of electroporation and reverse iontophoresis. Conversely, PSA and osteopontin were found to be extracted transdermally only by use of reverse iontophoresis and electroporation with a high electrical field strength (&gt;296 V/cm). After application of reverse iontophoresis, electroporation, or a combination of the two techniques, a reduction in skin impedance was observed.Conclusion: Simultaneous transdermal extraction of urea, PSA, and osteopontin is possible only for the condition of applying reverse iontophoresis in conjunction with high electroporation.Keywords: electroporation, reverse iontophoresis, nanochannels, noninvasive, urea, prostate-specific antigen, osteopontin
format	article
author	Ching CTS Fu LS Sun TP Hsu TH Chang KM
author_facet	Ching CTS Fu LS Sun TP Hsu TH Chang KM
author_sort	Ching CTS
title	Use of electroporation and reverse iontophoresis for extraction of transdermal multibiomarkers
title_short	Use of electroporation and reverse iontophoresis for extraction of transdermal multibiomarkers
title_full	Use of electroporation and reverse iontophoresis for extraction of transdermal multibiomarkers
title_fullStr	Use of electroporation and reverse iontophoresis for extraction of transdermal multibiomarkers
title_full_unstemmed	Use of electroporation and reverse iontophoresis for extraction of transdermal multibiomarkers
title_sort	use of electroporation and reverse iontophoresis for extraction of transdermal multibiomarkers
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/5de2645305484eba96ec98b57be0dcac
work_keys_str_mv	AT chingcts useofelectroporationandreverseiontophoresisforextractionoftransdermalmultibiomarkers AT fuls useofelectroporationandreverseiontophoresisforextractionoftransdermalmultibiomarkers AT suntp useofelectroporationandreverseiontophoresisforextractionoftransdermalmultibiomarkers AT hsuth useofelectroporationandreverseiontophoresisforextractionoftransdermalmultibiomarkers AT changkm useofelectroporationandreverseiontophoresisforextractionoftransdermalmultibiomarkers
_version_	1718400769328152576

Use of electroporation and reverse iontophoresis for extraction of transdermal multibiomarkers

Ejemplares similares