Environmental Heterogeneity Drives Within-Host Diversification and Evolution of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</named-content>

ABSTRACT Microbial population polymorphisms are commonly observed in natural environments, including long-term infected hosts. However, the underlying processes promoting and stabilizing diversity are difficult to unravel and are not well understood. Here, we use chronic infection of cystic fibrosis...

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Autores principales:	Trine Markussen, Rasmus Lykke Marvig, María Gómez-Lozano, Kasper Aanæs, Alexandra E. Burleigh, Niels Høiby, Helle Krogh Johansen, Søren Molin, Lars Jelsbak
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2014
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5deb45ff454e4feaa0ed3273f7cd2b56
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5deb45ff454e4feaa0ed3273f7cd2b562021-11-15T15:45:54ZEnvironmental Heterogeneity Drives Within-Host Diversification and Evolution of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</named-content>10.1128/mBio.01592-142150-7511https://doaj.org/article/5deb45ff454e4feaa0ed3273f7cd2b562014-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01592-14https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Microbial population polymorphisms are commonly observed in natural environments, including long-term infected hosts. However, the underlying processes promoting and stabilizing diversity are difficult to unravel and are not well understood. Here, we use chronic infection of cystic fibrosis airways by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a system for investigating bacterial diversification processes during the course of infection. We analyze clonal bacterial isolates sampled during a 32-year period and map temporal and spatial variations in population diversity to different infection sites within the infected host. We show that the ancestral infecting strain diverged into distinct sublineages, each with their own functional and genomic signatures and rates of adaptation, immediately after initial colonization. The sublineages coexisted in the host for decades, suggesting rapid evolution of stable population polymorphisms. Critically, the observed generation and maintenance of population diversity was the result of partitioning of the sublineages into physically separated niches in the CF airway. The results reveal a complex within-host population structure not previously realized and provide evidence that the heterogeneity of the highly structured and complex host environment promotes the evolution and long-term stability of pathogen population diversity during infection. IMPORTANCE Within-host pathogen evolution and diversification during the course of chronic infections is of importance in relation to therapeutic intervention strategies, yet our understanding of these processes is limited. Here, we investigate intraclonal population diversity in P. aeruginosa during chronic airway infections in cystic fibrosis patients. We show the evolution of a diverse population structure immediately after initial colonization, with divergence into multiple distinct sublineages that coexisted for decades and occupied distinct niches. Our results suggest that the spatial heterogeneity in CF airways plays a major role in relation to the generation and maintenance of population diversity and emphasize that a single isolate in sputum may not represent the entire pathogen population in the infected individual. A more complete understanding of the evolution of distinct clonal variants and their distribution in different niches could have positive implications for efficient therapy.Trine MarkussenRasmus Lykke MarvigMaría Gómez-LozanoKasper AanæsAlexandra E. BurleighNiels HøibyHelle Krogh JohansenSøren MolinLars JelsbakAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 5, Iss 5 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Trine Markussen Rasmus Lykke Marvig María Gómez-Lozano Kasper Aanæs Alexandra E. Burleigh Niels Høiby Helle Krogh Johansen Søren Molin Lars Jelsbak Environmental Heterogeneity Drives Within-Host Diversification and Evolution of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</named-content>
description	ABSTRACT Microbial population polymorphisms are commonly observed in natural environments, including long-term infected hosts. However, the underlying processes promoting and stabilizing diversity are difficult to unravel and are not well understood. Here, we use chronic infection of cystic fibrosis airways by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a system for investigating bacterial diversification processes during the course of infection. We analyze clonal bacterial isolates sampled during a 32-year period and map temporal and spatial variations in population diversity to different infection sites within the infected host. We show that the ancestral infecting strain diverged into distinct sublineages, each with their own functional and genomic signatures and rates of adaptation, immediately after initial colonization. The sublineages coexisted in the host for decades, suggesting rapid evolution of stable population polymorphisms. Critically, the observed generation and maintenance of population diversity was the result of partitioning of the sublineages into physically separated niches in the CF airway. The results reveal a complex within-host population structure not previously realized and provide evidence that the heterogeneity of the highly structured and complex host environment promotes the evolution and long-term stability of pathogen population diversity during infection. IMPORTANCE Within-host pathogen evolution and diversification during the course of chronic infections is of importance in relation to therapeutic intervention strategies, yet our understanding of these processes is limited. Here, we investigate intraclonal population diversity in P. aeruginosa during chronic airway infections in cystic fibrosis patients. We show the evolution of a diverse population structure immediately after initial colonization, with divergence into multiple distinct sublineages that coexisted for decades and occupied distinct niches. Our results suggest that the spatial heterogeneity in CF airways plays a major role in relation to the generation and maintenance of population diversity and emphasize that a single isolate in sputum may not represent the entire pathogen population in the infected individual. A more complete understanding of the evolution of distinct clonal variants and their distribution in different niches could have positive implications for efficient therapy.
format	article
author	Trine Markussen Rasmus Lykke Marvig María Gómez-Lozano Kasper Aanæs Alexandra E. Burleigh Niels Høiby Helle Krogh Johansen Søren Molin Lars Jelsbak
author_facet	Trine Markussen Rasmus Lykke Marvig María Gómez-Lozano Kasper Aanæs Alexandra E. Burleigh Niels Høiby Helle Krogh Johansen Søren Molin Lars Jelsbak
author_sort	Trine Markussen
title	Environmental Heterogeneity Drives Within-Host Diversification and Evolution of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</named-content>
title_short	Environmental Heterogeneity Drives Within-Host Diversification and Evolution of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</named-content>
title_full	Environmental Heterogeneity Drives Within-Host Diversification and Evolution of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</named-content>
title_fullStr	Environmental Heterogeneity Drives Within-Host Diversification and Evolution of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</named-content>
title_full_unstemmed	Environmental Heterogeneity Drives Within-Host Diversification and Evolution of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</named-content>
title_sort	environmental heterogeneity drives within-host diversification and evolution of <named-content content-type="genus-species">pseudomonas aeruginosa</named-content>
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/5deb45ff454e4feaa0ed3273f7cd2b56
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Environmental Heterogeneity Drives Within-Host Diversification and Evolution of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</named-content>

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