Occupational and Environmental Exposures and Cancers in Developing Countries

Background: Over the past few decades, there has been a decline in cancers attributable to environmental and occupational <a title="Learn more about Carcinogens" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/carcinogens">carcinogens</a> of <a ti...

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Autores principales:	Dana Hashim, Paolo Boffetta
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Ubiquity Press 2014
Materias:	arsenic asbestos cancer developing countries environmental health indoor air pollution occupational health outdoor air pollution Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5df9f162a1064ffe844a0f96f3e1a9af
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5df9f162a1064ffe844a0f96f3e1a9af2021-12-02T08:52:06ZOccupational and Environmental Exposures and Cancers in Developing Countries2214-999610.1016/j.aogh.2014.10.002https://doaj.org/article/5df9f162a1064ffe844a0f96f3e1a9af2014-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/2073https://doaj.org/toc/2214-9996Background: Over the past few decades, there has been a decline in cancers attributable to environmental and occupational <a title="Learn more about Carcinogens" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/carcinogens">carcinogens</a> of <a title="Learn more about Asbestos" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/asbestos">asbestos</a>, arsenic, and indoor and outdoor air pollution in high-income countries. For low- to middle-income countries (LMICs), however, these exposures are likely to increase as industrialization expands and populations grow. Objective: The aim of this study was to review the evidence on the <a title="Learn more about Cancer Risk" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/cancer-risk">cancer risks</a> and burdens of selected environmental and occupational exposures in less-developed economies. Findings: A causal association has been established between asbestos exposure and <a title="Learn more about Mesothelioma" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/mesothelioma">mesothelioma</a>and lung cancer. For arsenic exposure, there is strong evidence of bladder, skin, lung, liver, and <a title="Learn more about Kidney cancer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/kidney-cancer">kidney cancer</a> effects. Women are at the highest risk for lung cancer due to indoor air pollution exposure; however, the carcinogenic effect on the risk for <a title="Learn more about Childhood cancer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/childhood-cancer">cancer in children</a> has not been studied in these countries. Cancer risks associated with ambient air pollution remain the least studied in LMICs, although reported exposures are higher than World Health Organization, European, and US standards. Although some associations between lung cancer and ambient <a title="Learn more about Air Pollutant" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/air-pollutant">air pollutants</a> have been reported, studies in LMICs are weak or subject to exposure misclassification. For pulmonary cancers, tobacco smoking and <a title="Learn more about Respiratory disease" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/respiratory-disease">respiratory diseases</a> have a positive synergistic effect on cancer risks. Conclusions: A precise quantification of the burden of human cancer attributable to environmental and occupational exposures in LMICs is uncertain. Although the prevalence of carcinogenic exposures has been reported to be high in many such countries, the effects of the exposures have not been studied due to varying country-specific limitations, some of which include lack of resources and government support.Dana HashimPaolo BoffettaUbiquity Pressarticlearsenicasbestoscancerdeveloping countriesenvironmental healthindoor air pollutionoccupational healthoutdoor air pollutionInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENAnnals of Global Health, Vol 80, Iss 5, Pp 393-411 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	arsenic asbestos cancer developing countries environmental health indoor air pollution occupational health outdoor air pollution Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	arsenic asbestos cancer developing countries environmental health indoor air pollution occupational health outdoor air pollution Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Dana Hashim Paolo Boffetta Occupational and Environmental Exposures and Cancers in Developing Countries
description	Background: Over the past few decades, there has been a decline in cancers attributable to environmental and occupational <a title="Learn more about Carcinogens" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/carcinogens">carcinogens</a> of <a title="Learn more about Asbestos" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/asbestos">asbestos</a>, arsenic, and indoor and outdoor air pollution in high-income countries. For low- to middle-income countries (LMICs), however, these exposures are likely to increase as industrialization expands and populations grow. Objective: The aim of this study was to review the evidence on the <a title="Learn more about Cancer Risk" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/cancer-risk">cancer risks</a> and burdens of selected environmental and occupational exposures in less-developed economies. Findings: A causal association has been established between asbestos exposure and <a title="Learn more about Mesothelioma" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/mesothelioma">mesothelioma</a>and lung cancer. For arsenic exposure, there is strong evidence of bladder, skin, lung, liver, and <a title="Learn more about Kidney cancer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/kidney-cancer">kidney cancer</a> effects. Women are at the highest risk for lung cancer due to indoor air pollution exposure; however, the carcinogenic effect on the risk for <a title="Learn more about Childhood cancer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/childhood-cancer">cancer in children</a> has not been studied in these countries. Cancer risks associated with ambient air pollution remain the least studied in LMICs, although reported exposures are higher than World Health Organization, European, and US standards. Although some associations between lung cancer and ambient <a title="Learn more about Air Pollutant" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/air-pollutant">air pollutants</a> have been reported, studies in LMICs are weak or subject to exposure misclassification. For pulmonary cancers, tobacco smoking and <a title="Learn more about Respiratory disease" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/respiratory-disease">respiratory diseases</a> have a positive synergistic effect on cancer risks. Conclusions: A precise quantification of the burden of human cancer attributable to environmental and occupational exposures in LMICs is uncertain. Although the prevalence of carcinogenic exposures has been reported to be high in many such countries, the effects of the exposures have not been studied due to varying country-specific limitations, some of which include lack of resources and government support.
format	article
author	Dana Hashim Paolo Boffetta
author_facet	Dana Hashim Paolo Boffetta
author_sort	Dana Hashim
title	Occupational and Environmental Exposures and Cancers in Developing Countries
title_short	Occupational and Environmental Exposures and Cancers in Developing Countries
title_full	Occupational and Environmental Exposures and Cancers in Developing Countries
title_fullStr	Occupational and Environmental Exposures and Cancers in Developing Countries
title_full_unstemmed	Occupational and Environmental Exposures and Cancers in Developing Countries
title_sort	occupational and environmental exposures and cancers in developing countries
publisher	Ubiquity Press
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/5df9f162a1064ffe844a0f96f3e1a9af
work_keys_str_mv	AT danahashim occupationalandenvironmentalexposuresandcancersindevelopingcountries AT paoloboffetta occupationalandenvironmentalexposuresandcancersindevelopingcountries
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Occupational and Environmental Exposures and Cancers in Developing Countries

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