Coupling Cellular Automata and a Genetic Algorithm to Generate a Vibrant Urban Form—A Case Study of Wuhan, China

Enhancing urban vitality is a key goal for both the government and ordinary urban residents, and creating this vitality is emphasized in China’s urban development strategy. Enhancing urban vitality through the rational design of urban forms is a leading topic of Western urban research. An urban grow...

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Autores principales:	Renyang Wang, Qingsong He, Lu Zhang, Huiying Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	urban vitality urban form urban growth pattern cellular automata genetic algorithm Wuhan Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5e169b20d76e4f62ab760248d74a93ac
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5e169b20d76e4f62ab760248d74a93ac2021-11-11T16:10:15ZCoupling Cellular Automata and a Genetic Algorithm to Generate a Vibrant Urban Form—A Case Study of Wuhan, China10.3390/ijerph1821110131660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/5e169b20d76e4f62ab760248d74a93ac2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11013https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Enhancing urban vitality is a key goal for both the government and ordinary urban residents, and creating this vitality is emphasized in China’s urban development strategy. Enhancing urban vitality through the rational design of urban forms is a leading topic of Western urban research. An urban growth pattern (UGP) reflects the dual characteristics of a static pattern and the dynamic evolution of the external urban form. It affects urban vitality by influencing the spatial allocation of internal structural elements and patterns in the adjacent location. The cellular automata (CA) mode can effectively simulate the aggregation process of urban growth (infilling expansion or edge expansion). However, it does not simulate the diffusion of urban growth, specifically the evolution of outlying expansion. In addition, CA focuses on learning, simulating, and building knowledge about geographic processes, but does not spatially optimize collaborative land use against multiple objectives or model multi-scale land use. As such, this paper applies a coupling model called the “promoting urban vitality model,” based on cellular automata (CA) and genetic algorithm (GA) (abbreviated as UV-CAGA). UV-CAGA optimally allocates cells with different UGPs, creating a city form that promotes urban vitality. Wuhan, the largest city in Central China, was selected as a case study to simulate and optimize its urban morphology for 2025. The main findings were as follows. (1) The urban vitality of the optimized urban form scheme was 4.8% higher than the simulated natural expansion scheme. (2) Compared to 2015, after optimization, the simulated sizes of the newly increased outlying, edge, and infilling areas in 2025 were 6.51 km<sup>2</sup>, 102.69 km<sup>2</sup>, and 23.48 km<sup>2</sup>, respectively; these increases accounted for 4.90%, 77.32%, and 17.68%, respectively, of the newly increased construction land area. This indicated that Wuhan is expected to have a very compact urban form. (3) The infilling expansion type resulted in the highest average urban vitality level (0.215); the edge expansion type had the second highest level (0.206); outlying growth achieved the lowest vitality level (0.199). The UV-CAGA model proposed in this paper improves on existing geographical process simulation and spatial optimization models. The study successfully couples the “bottom-up” CA model and “top-down” genetic algorithm to generate dynamic urban form optimization simulations. This significantly improves upon traditional CA models, which do not simulate the “diffusion” process. At the same time, the spatial optimization framework of the genetic algorithm in the model also provides insights related to other effects related to urban form optimization, such as urban environmental security, commuting, and air pollution. The integration of related research is expected to enrich and improve urban planning tools and improve the topic’s scientific foundation.Renyang WangQingsong HeLu ZhangHuiying WangMDPI AGarticleurban vitalityurban formurban growth patterncellular automatagenetic algorithmWuhanMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11013, p 11013 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	urban vitality urban form urban growth pattern cellular automata genetic algorithm Wuhan Medicine R
spellingShingle	urban vitality urban form urban growth pattern cellular automata genetic algorithm Wuhan Medicine R Renyang Wang Qingsong He Lu Zhang Huiying Wang Coupling Cellular Automata and a Genetic Algorithm to Generate a Vibrant Urban Form—A Case Study of Wuhan, China
description	Enhancing urban vitality is a key goal for both the government and ordinary urban residents, and creating this vitality is emphasized in China’s urban development strategy. Enhancing urban vitality through the rational design of urban forms is a leading topic of Western urban research. An urban growth pattern (UGP) reflects the dual characteristics of a static pattern and the dynamic evolution of the external urban form. It affects urban vitality by influencing the spatial allocation of internal structural elements and patterns in the adjacent location. The cellular automata (CA) mode can effectively simulate the aggregation process of urban growth (infilling expansion or edge expansion). However, it does not simulate the diffusion of urban growth, specifically the evolution of outlying expansion. In addition, CA focuses on learning, simulating, and building knowledge about geographic processes, but does not spatially optimize collaborative land use against multiple objectives or model multi-scale land use. As such, this paper applies a coupling model called the “promoting urban vitality model,” based on cellular automata (CA) and genetic algorithm (GA) (abbreviated as UV-CAGA). UV-CAGA optimally allocates cells with different UGPs, creating a city form that promotes urban vitality. Wuhan, the largest city in Central China, was selected as a case study to simulate and optimize its urban morphology for 2025. The main findings were as follows. (1) The urban vitality of the optimized urban form scheme was 4.8% higher than the simulated natural expansion scheme. (2) Compared to 2015, after optimization, the simulated sizes of the newly increased outlying, edge, and infilling areas in 2025 were 6.51 km<sup>2</sup>, 102.69 km<sup>2</sup>, and 23.48 km<sup>2</sup>, respectively; these increases accounted for 4.90%, 77.32%, and 17.68%, respectively, of the newly increased construction land area. This indicated that Wuhan is expected to have a very compact urban form. (3) The infilling expansion type resulted in the highest average urban vitality level (0.215); the edge expansion type had the second highest level (0.206); outlying growth achieved the lowest vitality level (0.199). The UV-CAGA model proposed in this paper improves on existing geographical process simulation and spatial optimization models. The study successfully couples the “bottom-up” CA model and “top-down” genetic algorithm to generate dynamic urban form optimization simulations. This significantly improves upon traditional CA models, which do not simulate the “diffusion” process. At the same time, the spatial optimization framework of the genetic algorithm in the model also provides insights related to other effects related to urban form optimization, such as urban environmental security, commuting, and air pollution. The integration of related research is expected to enrich and improve urban planning tools and improve the topic’s scientific foundation.
format	article
author	Renyang Wang Qingsong He Lu Zhang Huiying Wang
author_facet	Renyang Wang Qingsong He Lu Zhang Huiying Wang
author_sort	Renyang Wang
title	Coupling Cellular Automata and a Genetic Algorithm to Generate a Vibrant Urban Form—A Case Study of Wuhan, China
title_short	Coupling Cellular Automata and a Genetic Algorithm to Generate a Vibrant Urban Form—A Case Study of Wuhan, China
title_full	Coupling Cellular Automata and a Genetic Algorithm to Generate a Vibrant Urban Form—A Case Study of Wuhan, China
title_fullStr	Coupling Cellular Automata and a Genetic Algorithm to Generate a Vibrant Urban Form—A Case Study of Wuhan, China
title_full_unstemmed	Coupling Cellular Automata and a Genetic Algorithm to Generate a Vibrant Urban Form—A Case Study of Wuhan, China
title_sort	coupling cellular automata and a genetic algorithm to generate a vibrant urban form—a case study of wuhan, china
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5e169b20d76e4f62ab760248d74a93ac
work_keys_str_mv	AT renyangwang couplingcellularautomataandageneticalgorithmtogenerateavibranturbanformacasestudyofwuhanchina AT qingsonghe couplingcellularautomataandageneticalgorithmtogenerateavibranturbanformacasestudyofwuhanchina AT luzhang couplingcellularautomataandageneticalgorithmtogenerateavibranturbanformacasestudyofwuhanchina AT huiyingwang couplingcellularautomataandageneticalgorithmtogenerateavibranturbanformacasestudyofwuhanchina
_version_	1718432357858410496

Coupling Cellular Automata and a Genetic Algorithm to Generate a Vibrant Urban Form—A Case Study of Wuhan, China

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