Cytotoxicity of naphthoquinones and their capacity to generate reactive oxygen species is quenched when conjugated with gold nanoparticles

Priya Srinivas1,2, Chitta Ranjan Patra2,4, Santanu Bhattacharya2, Debabrata Mukhopadhyay2,31Integrated Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Kerala, India; 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medic...

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Autores principales:	Srinivas P, Patra CR, Bhattacharya S, Mukhopadhyay D
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2011
Materias:	Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5e3ab6ca6539411b84866fc1ac1af36c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5e3ab6ca6539411b84866fc1ac1af36c2021-12-02T02:31:47ZCytotoxicity of naphthoquinones and their capacity to generate reactive oxygen species is quenched when conjugated with gold nanoparticles1176-91141178-2013https://doaj.org/article/5e3ab6ca6539411b84866fc1ac1af36c2011-09-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/cytotoxicity-of-naphthoquinones-and-their-capacity-to-generate-reactiv-a8348https://doaj.org/toc/1176-9114https://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Priya Srinivas1,2, Chitta Ranjan Patra2,4, Santanu Bhattacharya2, Debabrata Mukhopadhyay2,31Integrated Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Kerala, India; 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; 4Department of Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, IndiaAbstract: Several reports have demonstrated the anticancer activities of plumbagin, a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from plants belonging to Plumbaginaceae family. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports which describe gold nanoconjugation with plumbagin, even though plumbagin is considered to be a promising therapeutic agent. In this report, we demonstrate the fabrication and characterization of gold nanoparticles conjugated with plumbagin (AuPB) that can reduce the toxicity of the latter, and their capacity for cellular localization and generation of reactive oxygen species. The anticancer activity and ability of plumbagin to produce reactive oxygen species was studied and compared with that of bromoderivatives of 1,4 naphthoquinones such as 2-bromo-1,4-naphthoquinone (2-BNQ) and 2,3-dibromo-1, 4-naphthoquinone (2,3-DBNQ) and their gold nanoconjugates. Plumbagin and bromoderivatives of 1,4 naphthoquinones in the form of gold nanoconjugates showed reduced cytotoxicity and apoptosis compared with the pristine compounds, ie, plumbagin, 2-BNQ, and 2,3-DBNQ. Interestingly, we observed that the gold nanoparticles could quench the reactive oxygen species-generating capacity of plumbagin, 2-BNQ, and 2,3-BNQ, which is one of the main mechanisms of action of the naphthoquinones. Therefore, it can be concluded that conjugation with gold nanoparticles can reduce the cytotoxicity of these compounds.Keywords: plumbagin, gold nanoparticles, reactive oxygen species, naphthoquinones, breast cancerSrinivas PPatra CRBhattacharya SMukhopadhyay DDove Medical PressarticleMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2011, Iss default, Pp 2113-2122 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	Medicine (General) R5-920 Srinivas P Patra CR Bhattacharya S Mukhopadhyay D Cytotoxicity of naphthoquinones and their capacity to generate reactive oxygen species is quenched when conjugated with gold nanoparticles
description	Priya Srinivas1,2, Chitta Ranjan Patra2,4, Santanu Bhattacharya2, Debabrata Mukhopadhyay2,31Integrated Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Kerala, India; 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA; 4Department of Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, IndiaAbstract: Several reports have demonstrated the anticancer activities of plumbagin, a naphthoquinone derivative isolated from plants belonging to Plumbaginaceae family. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports which describe gold nanoconjugation with plumbagin, even though plumbagin is considered to be a promising therapeutic agent. In this report, we demonstrate the fabrication and characterization of gold nanoparticles conjugated with plumbagin (AuPB) that can reduce the toxicity of the latter, and their capacity for cellular localization and generation of reactive oxygen species. The anticancer activity and ability of plumbagin to produce reactive oxygen species was studied and compared with that of bromoderivatives of 1,4 naphthoquinones such as 2-bromo-1,4-naphthoquinone (2-BNQ) and 2,3-dibromo-1, 4-naphthoquinone (2,3-DBNQ) and their gold nanoconjugates. Plumbagin and bromoderivatives of 1,4 naphthoquinones in the form of gold nanoconjugates showed reduced cytotoxicity and apoptosis compared with the pristine compounds, ie, plumbagin, 2-BNQ, and 2,3-DBNQ. Interestingly, we observed that the gold nanoparticles could quench the reactive oxygen species-generating capacity of plumbagin, 2-BNQ, and 2,3-BNQ, which is one of the main mechanisms of action of the naphthoquinones. Therefore, it can be concluded that conjugation with gold nanoparticles can reduce the cytotoxicity of these compounds.Keywords: plumbagin, gold nanoparticles, reactive oxygen species, naphthoquinones, breast cancer
format	article
author	Srinivas P Patra CR Bhattacharya S Mukhopadhyay D
author_facet	Srinivas P Patra CR Bhattacharya S Mukhopadhyay D
author_sort	Srinivas P
title	Cytotoxicity of naphthoquinones and their capacity to generate reactive oxygen species is quenched when conjugated with gold nanoparticles
title_short	Cytotoxicity of naphthoquinones and their capacity to generate reactive oxygen species is quenched when conjugated with gold nanoparticles
title_full	Cytotoxicity of naphthoquinones and their capacity to generate reactive oxygen species is quenched when conjugated with gold nanoparticles
title_fullStr	Cytotoxicity of naphthoquinones and their capacity to generate reactive oxygen species is quenched when conjugated with gold nanoparticles
title_full_unstemmed	Cytotoxicity of naphthoquinones and their capacity to generate reactive oxygen species is quenched when conjugated with gold nanoparticles
title_sort	cytotoxicity of naphthoquinones and their capacity to generate reactive oxygen species is quenched when conjugated with gold nanoparticles
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/5e3ab6ca6539411b84866fc1ac1af36c
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Cytotoxicity of naphthoquinones and their capacity to generate reactive oxygen species is quenched when conjugated with gold nanoparticles

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