Characteristics and limitations of national antimicrobial surveillance according to sales and claims data.

<h4>Purpose</h4>Antimicrobial use (AMU) is estimated at the national level by using sales data (S-AMU) or insurance claims data (C-AMU). However, these data might be biased by generic drugs that are not sold through wholesalers (direct sales) and therefore not recorded in sales databases...

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Autores principales:	Yoshiki Kusama, Yuichi Muraki, Chika Tanaka, Ryuji Koizumi, Masahiro Ishikane, Daisuke Yamasaki, Masaki Tanabe, Norio Ohmagari
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5e3b869556c34f9db3e7a75ce095fe62
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5e3b869556c34f9db3e7a75ce095fe622021-12-02T20:11:21ZCharacteristics and limitations of national antimicrobial surveillance according to sales and claims data.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0251299https://doaj.org/article/5e3b869556c34f9db3e7a75ce095fe622021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251299https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Purpose</h4>Antimicrobial use (AMU) is estimated at the national level by using sales data (S-AMU) or insurance claims data (C-AMU). However, these data might be biased by generic drugs that are not sold through wholesalers (direct sales) and therefore not recorded in sales databases, or by claims that are not submitted electronically and therefore not stored in claims databases. We evaluated these effects by comparing S-AMU and C-AMU to ascertain the characteristics and limitations of each kind of data. We also evaluated the interchangeability of these data by assessing their relationship.<h4>Methods</h4>We calculated monthly defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants per day (DID) using sales and claims data from 2013 to 2017. To assess the effects of non-electronic claim submissions on C-AMU, we evaluated trends in the S-AMU/C-AMU ratio (SCR). To assess the effects of direct sales of S-AMU, we divided AMU into generic and branded drugs and evaluated each SCR in terms of oral versus parenteral drugs. To assess the relationship between S-AMU and C-AMU, we created a linear regression and evaluated its coefficient.<h4>Results</h4>Median annual SCRs from 2013 to 2017 were 1.046, 0.993, 0.980, 0.987, and 0.967, respectively. SCRs dropped from 2013 to 2015, and then stabilized. Differences in SCRs between branded and generic drugs were significant for oral drugs (0.820 vs 1.079) but not parenteral drugs (1.200 vs 1.165), suggesting that direct sales of oral generic drugs were omitted in S-AMU. Coefficients of DID between S-AMU and C-AMU were high (generic, 0.90; branded, 0.84) in oral drugs but relatively low (generic, 0.32; branded, 0.52) in parenteral drugs.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The omission of direct sales information and non-electronically submitted claims have influenced S-AMU and C-AMU information, respectively. However, these data were well-correlated, and it is considered that both kinds of data are useful depending on the situation.Yoshiki KusamaYuichi MurakiChika TanakaRyuji KoizumiMasahiro IshikaneDaisuke YamasakiMasaki TanabeNorio OhmagariPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 5, p e0251299 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Yoshiki Kusama Yuichi Muraki Chika Tanaka Ryuji Koizumi Masahiro Ishikane Daisuke Yamasaki Masaki Tanabe Norio Ohmagari Characteristics and limitations of national antimicrobial surveillance according to sales and claims data.
description	<h4>Purpose</h4>Antimicrobial use (AMU) is estimated at the national level by using sales data (S-AMU) or insurance claims data (C-AMU). However, these data might be biased by generic drugs that are not sold through wholesalers (direct sales) and therefore not recorded in sales databases, or by claims that are not submitted electronically and therefore not stored in claims databases. We evaluated these effects by comparing S-AMU and C-AMU to ascertain the characteristics and limitations of each kind of data. We also evaluated the interchangeability of these data by assessing their relationship.<h4>Methods</h4>We calculated monthly defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants per day (DID) using sales and claims data from 2013 to 2017. To assess the effects of non-electronic claim submissions on C-AMU, we evaluated trends in the S-AMU/C-AMU ratio (SCR). To assess the effects of direct sales of S-AMU, we divided AMU into generic and branded drugs and evaluated each SCR in terms of oral versus parenteral drugs. To assess the relationship between S-AMU and C-AMU, we created a linear regression and evaluated its coefficient.<h4>Results</h4>Median annual SCRs from 2013 to 2017 were 1.046, 0.993, 0.980, 0.987, and 0.967, respectively. SCRs dropped from 2013 to 2015, and then stabilized. Differences in SCRs between branded and generic drugs were significant for oral drugs (0.820 vs 1.079) but not parenteral drugs (1.200 vs 1.165), suggesting that direct sales of oral generic drugs were omitted in S-AMU. Coefficients of DID between S-AMU and C-AMU were high (generic, 0.90; branded, 0.84) in oral drugs but relatively low (generic, 0.32; branded, 0.52) in parenteral drugs.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The omission of direct sales information and non-electronically submitted claims have influenced S-AMU and C-AMU information, respectively. However, these data were well-correlated, and it is considered that both kinds of data are useful depending on the situation.
format	article
author	Yoshiki Kusama Yuichi Muraki Chika Tanaka Ryuji Koizumi Masahiro Ishikane Daisuke Yamasaki Masaki Tanabe Norio Ohmagari
author_facet	Yoshiki Kusama Yuichi Muraki Chika Tanaka Ryuji Koizumi Masahiro Ishikane Daisuke Yamasaki Masaki Tanabe Norio Ohmagari
author_sort	Yoshiki Kusama
title	Characteristics and limitations of national antimicrobial surveillance according to sales and claims data.
title_short	Characteristics and limitations of national antimicrobial surveillance according to sales and claims data.
title_full	Characteristics and limitations of national antimicrobial surveillance according to sales and claims data.
title_fullStr	Characteristics and limitations of national antimicrobial surveillance according to sales and claims data.
title_full_unstemmed	Characteristics and limitations of national antimicrobial surveillance according to sales and claims data.
title_sort	characteristics and limitations of national antimicrobial surveillance according to sales and claims data.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5e3b869556c34f9db3e7a75ce095fe62
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Characteristics and limitations of national antimicrobial surveillance according to sales and claims data.

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