Development, Optimization, and Evaluation of Luliconazole Nanoemulgel for the Treatment of Fungal Infection

The present study aimed to optimize luliconazole nanoemulsion using Box–Behnken statistical design, which was further incorporated into the polymeric gel of Carbopol 934. The formulation was characterized for its size, entrapment efficiency, ex vivo permeation, and mechanism of release. The size of...

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Autores principales:	Nabil A. Alhakamy, Shadab Md, Md Shoaib Alam, Rasheed A. Shaik, Javed Ahmad, Abrar Ahmad, Hussam I. Kutbi, Ahmad O. Noor, Alaa Bagalagel, Douha F. Bannan, Bapi Gorain, Ponnurengam Malliappan Sivakumar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Hindawi Limited 2021
Materias:	Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5e403a54fa794a669b53d61732b16386
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5e403a54fa794a669b53d61732b163862021-11-15T01:19:19ZDevelopment, Optimization, and Evaluation of Luliconazole Nanoemulgel for the Treatment of Fungal Infection2090-907110.1155/2021/4942659https://doaj.org/article/5e403a54fa794a669b53d61732b163862021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4942659https://doaj.org/toc/2090-9071The present study aimed to optimize luliconazole nanoemulsion using Box–Behnken statistical design, which was further incorporated into the polymeric gel of Carbopol 934. The formulation was characterized for its size, entrapment efficiency, ex vivo permeation, and mechanism of release. The size of the dispersed globules of the optimized drug-loaded nanoemulsion was found to be 17 ± 3.67 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) less than 0.5. Although the surface charge was recorded at –9.53 ± 0.251, the stability was maintained by the polymeric matrix that prevented aggregation and coalescence of the dispersed globules. The luliconazole-nanoemulgel (LUL-NEG) was characterized for drug content analysis, viscosity, pH, and refractive index, where the results were found to be 99.06 ± 0.59%, 9.26 ± 0.08 Pa.s, 5.65 ± 0.17, and 1.31 ± 0.08, respectively. The permeation across the rat skin was found to be significantly higher with LUL-NEG when compared with LUL gel. Furthermore, the skin irritation test performed in experimental animals revealed that the blank NEG, as well as the LUL-NEG, did not produce any signs of erythema following 48 h exposure. In addition, the histopathological findings of the experimental skins reported no abnormal signs at the formulation application site. Finally, the NEG formulation was found to create a statistically significant zone of inhibition (P < 0.05) when compared to all other test groups. Overall, it could be summarized that the nanoemulgel approach of delivering luliconazole across the skin to treat skin fungal infections could be a promising strategy.Nabil A. AlhakamyShadab MdMd Shoaib AlamRasheed A. ShaikJaved AhmadAbrar AhmadHussam I. KutbiAhmad O. NoorAlaa BagalagelDouha F. BannanBapi GorainPonnurengam Malliappan SivakumarHindawi LimitedarticleChemistryQD1-999ENJournal of Chemistry, Vol 2021 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	Chemistry QD1-999 Nabil A. Alhakamy Shadab Md Md Shoaib Alam Rasheed A. Shaik Javed Ahmad Abrar Ahmad Hussam I. Kutbi Ahmad O. Noor Alaa Bagalagel Douha F. Bannan Bapi Gorain Ponnurengam Malliappan Sivakumar Development, Optimization, and Evaluation of Luliconazole Nanoemulgel for the Treatment of Fungal Infection
description	The present study aimed to optimize luliconazole nanoemulsion using Box–Behnken statistical design, which was further incorporated into the polymeric gel of Carbopol 934. The formulation was characterized for its size, entrapment efficiency, ex vivo permeation, and mechanism of release. The size of the dispersed globules of the optimized drug-loaded nanoemulsion was found to be 17 ± 3.67 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) less than 0.5. Although the surface charge was recorded at –9.53 ± 0.251, the stability was maintained by the polymeric matrix that prevented aggregation and coalescence of the dispersed globules. The luliconazole-nanoemulgel (LUL-NEG) was characterized for drug content analysis, viscosity, pH, and refractive index, where the results were found to be 99.06 ± 0.59%, 9.26 ± 0.08 Pa.s, 5.65 ± 0.17, and 1.31 ± 0.08, respectively. The permeation across the rat skin was found to be significantly higher with LUL-NEG when compared with LUL gel. Furthermore, the skin irritation test performed in experimental animals revealed that the blank NEG, as well as the LUL-NEG, did not produce any signs of erythema following 48 h exposure. In addition, the histopathological findings of the experimental skins reported no abnormal signs at the formulation application site. Finally, the NEG formulation was found to create a statistically significant zone of inhibition (P < 0.05) when compared to all other test groups. Overall, it could be summarized that the nanoemulgel approach of delivering luliconazole across the skin to treat skin fungal infections could be a promising strategy.
format	article
author	Nabil A. Alhakamy Shadab Md Md Shoaib Alam Rasheed A. Shaik Javed Ahmad Abrar Ahmad Hussam I. Kutbi Ahmad O. Noor Alaa Bagalagel Douha F. Bannan Bapi Gorain Ponnurengam Malliappan Sivakumar
author_facet	Nabil A. Alhakamy Shadab Md Md Shoaib Alam Rasheed A. Shaik Javed Ahmad Abrar Ahmad Hussam I. Kutbi Ahmad O. Noor Alaa Bagalagel Douha F. Bannan Bapi Gorain Ponnurengam Malliappan Sivakumar
author_sort	Nabil A. Alhakamy
title	Development, Optimization, and Evaluation of Luliconazole Nanoemulgel for the Treatment of Fungal Infection
title_short	Development, Optimization, and Evaluation of Luliconazole Nanoemulgel for the Treatment of Fungal Infection
title_full	Development, Optimization, and Evaluation of Luliconazole Nanoemulgel for the Treatment of Fungal Infection
title_fullStr	Development, Optimization, and Evaluation of Luliconazole Nanoemulgel for the Treatment of Fungal Infection
title_full_unstemmed	Development, Optimization, and Evaluation of Luliconazole Nanoemulgel for the Treatment of Fungal Infection
title_sort	development, optimization, and evaluation of luliconazole nanoemulgel for the treatment of fungal infection
publisher	Hindawi Limited
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5e403a54fa794a669b53d61732b16386
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Development, Optimization, and Evaluation of Luliconazole Nanoemulgel for the Treatment of Fungal Infection

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