Global wave number-4 pattern in the southern subtropical sea surface temperature

Abstract Exploratory analysis using empirical orthogonal function revealed the presence of a stationary zonal wavenumber-4 (W4) pattern in the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the southern subtropics (20°S–55°S). The signal over the Southern subtropics is seasonally phase-locked to the austr...

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Autores principales:	Balaji Senapati, Mihir K. Dash, Swadhin K. Behera
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5e5f014034504ed9a950e538c92d6ddc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5e5f014034504ed9a950e538c92d6ddc2021-12-02T15:13:01ZGlobal wave number-4 pattern in the southern subtropical sea surface temperature10.1038/s41598-020-80492-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/5e5f014034504ed9a950e538c92d6ddc2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80492-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Exploratory analysis using empirical orthogonal function revealed the presence of a stationary zonal wavenumber-4 (W4) pattern in the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the southern subtropics (20°S–55°S). The signal over the Southern subtropics is seasonally phase-locked to the austral summer and persists up to mid-autumn. Thermodynamic coupling of atmosphere and the upper ocean helps in generating the W4 pattern, which later terminates due to the breaking of that coupled feedback. It is found that the presence of anomalous SST due to W4 mode in the surrounding of Australia affects the rainfall over the continent by modulating the local atmospheric circulation. During positive phase of W4 event, the presence of cold SST anomaly over the south-eastern and -western side of Australia creates an anomalous divergence circulation. This favours the moisture transport towards south-eastern Australia, resulting in more rainfall in February. The scenario reverses in case of a negative W4 event. There is also a difference of one month between the occurrence of positive and negative W4 peaks. This asymmetry seems to be responsible for the weak SST signal to the South of Australia. Correlation analysis suggests that the W4 pattern in SST is independent of other natural variabilities such as Southern Annular Mode, and Indian Ocean Dipole as well as a rather weak relationship with El Niño/Southern Oscillation.Balaji SenapatiMihir K. DashSwadhin K. BeheraNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Balaji Senapati Mihir K. Dash Swadhin K. Behera Global wave number-4 pattern in the southern subtropical sea surface temperature
description	Abstract Exploratory analysis using empirical orthogonal function revealed the presence of a stationary zonal wavenumber-4 (W4) pattern in the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the southern subtropics (20°S–55°S). The signal over the Southern subtropics is seasonally phase-locked to the austral summer and persists up to mid-autumn. Thermodynamic coupling of atmosphere and the upper ocean helps in generating the W4 pattern, which later terminates due to the breaking of that coupled feedback. It is found that the presence of anomalous SST due to W4 mode in the surrounding of Australia affects the rainfall over the continent by modulating the local atmospheric circulation. During positive phase of W4 event, the presence of cold SST anomaly over the south-eastern and -western side of Australia creates an anomalous divergence circulation. This favours the moisture transport towards south-eastern Australia, resulting in more rainfall in February. The scenario reverses in case of a negative W4 event. There is also a difference of one month between the occurrence of positive and negative W4 peaks. This asymmetry seems to be responsible for the weak SST signal to the South of Australia. Correlation analysis suggests that the W4 pattern in SST is independent of other natural variabilities such as Southern Annular Mode, and Indian Ocean Dipole as well as a rather weak relationship with El Niño/Southern Oscillation.
format	article
author	Balaji Senapati Mihir K. Dash Swadhin K. Behera
author_facet	Balaji Senapati Mihir K. Dash Swadhin K. Behera
author_sort	Balaji Senapati
title	Global wave number-4 pattern in the southern subtropical sea surface temperature
title_short	Global wave number-4 pattern in the southern subtropical sea surface temperature
title_full	Global wave number-4 pattern in the southern subtropical sea surface temperature
title_fullStr	Global wave number-4 pattern in the southern subtropical sea surface temperature
title_full_unstemmed	Global wave number-4 pattern in the southern subtropical sea surface temperature
title_sort	global wave number-4 pattern in the southern subtropical sea surface temperature
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5e5f014034504ed9a950e538c92d6ddc
work_keys_str_mv	AT balajisenapati globalwavenumber4patterninthesouthernsubtropicalseasurfacetemperature AT mihirkdash globalwavenumber4patterninthesouthernsubtropicalseasurfacetemperature AT swadhinkbehera globalwavenumber4patterninthesouthernsubtropicalseasurfacetemperature
_version_	1718387630462205952

Global wave number-4 pattern in the southern subtropical sea surface temperature

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