Pretreatment Techniques and Green Extraction Technologies for Agar from <i>Gracilaria lemaneiformis</i>

Optimizing the alkali treatment process alone without tracking the changes of algae and agar quality with each pretreatment process will not achieve the optimal agar yield and final quality. In this study, we monitored the changes of the morphology and weight of algae with each treatment process, an...

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Autores principales:	Qiong Xiao, Xinyi Wang, Jiabin Zhang, Yonghui Zhang, Jun Chen, Fuquan Chen, Anfeng Xiao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	agar extraction technology pretreatment technique quality change process Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5e76aee679f8408caf884a278def180c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5e76aee679f8408caf884a278def180c2021-11-25T18:12:51ZPretreatment Techniques and Green Extraction Technologies for Agar from <i>Gracilaria lemaneiformis</i>10.3390/md191106171660-3397https://doaj.org/article/5e76aee679f8408caf884a278def180c2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/19/11/617https://doaj.org/toc/1660-3397Optimizing the alkali treatment process alone without tracking the changes of algae and agar quality with each pretreatment process will not achieve the optimal agar yield and final quality. In this study, we monitored the changes of the morphology and weight of algae with each treatment process, and comprehensively analyzed the effects of each pretreatment process on the quality of agar by combining the changes of the physicochemical properties of agar. In conventional alkali-extraction technology, alkali treatment (7%, <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) alone significantly reduced the weight of algae (52%), but hindered the dissolution of algae, resulting in a lower yield (4%). Acidification could solve the problem of algal hardening after alkali treatment to improve the yield (12%). In enzymatic extraction technology, agar with high purity cannot be obtained by enzyme treatment alone, but low gel strength (405 g/cm<sup>2</sup>) and high sulfate content (3.4%) can be obtained by subsequent acidification and bleaching. In enzyme-assisted extraction technology, enzyme damage to the surface fiber of algae promoted the penetration of low-concentration alkali (3%, <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>), which ensured a high desulfurization efficiency and a low gel degradation rate, thus improving yield (24.7%) and gel strength (706 g/cm<sup>2</sup>), which has the potential to replace the traditional alkali-extraction technology.Qiong XiaoXinyi WangJiabin ZhangYonghui ZhangJun ChenFuquan ChenAnfeng XiaoMDPI AGarticleagarextraction technologypretreatment techniquequality change processBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMarine Drugs, Vol 19, Iss 617, p 617 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	agar extraction technology pretreatment technique quality change process Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	agar extraction technology pretreatment technique quality change process Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Qiong Xiao Xinyi Wang Jiabin Zhang Yonghui Zhang Jun Chen Fuquan Chen Anfeng Xiao Pretreatment Techniques and Green Extraction Technologies for Agar from <i>Gracilaria lemaneiformis</i>
description	Optimizing the alkali treatment process alone without tracking the changes of algae and agar quality with each pretreatment process will not achieve the optimal agar yield and final quality. In this study, we monitored the changes of the morphology and weight of algae with each treatment process, and comprehensively analyzed the effects of each pretreatment process on the quality of agar by combining the changes of the physicochemical properties of agar. In conventional alkali-extraction technology, alkali treatment (7%, <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) alone significantly reduced the weight of algae (52%), but hindered the dissolution of algae, resulting in a lower yield (4%). Acidification could solve the problem of algal hardening after alkali treatment to improve the yield (12%). In enzymatic extraction technology, agar with high purity cannot be obtained by enzyme treatment alone, but low gel strength (405 g/cm<sup>2</sup>) and high sulfate content (3.4%) can be obtained by subsequent acidification and bleaching. In enzyme-assisted extraction technology, enzyme damage to the surface fiber of algae promoted the penetration of low-concentration alkali (3%, <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>), which ensured a high desulfurization efficiency and a low gel degradation rate, thus improving yield (24.7%) and gel strength (706 g/cm<sup>2</sup>), which has the potential to replace the traditional alkali-extraction technology.
format	article
author	Qiong Xiao Xinyi Wang Jiabin Zhang Yonghui Zhang Jun Chen Fuquan Chen Anfeng Xiao
author_facet	Qiong Xiao Xinyi Wang Jiabin Zhang Yonghui Zhang Jun Chen Fuquan Chen Anfeng Xiao
author_sort	Qiong Xiao
title	Pretreatment Techniques and Green Extraction Technologies for Agar from <i>Gracilaria lemaneiformis</i>
title_short	Pretreatment Techniques and Green Extraction Technologies for Agar from <i>Gracilaria lemaneiformis</i>
title_full	Pretreatment Techniques and Green Extraction Technologies for Agar from <i>Gracilaria lemaneiformis</i>
title_fullStr	Pretreatment Techniques and Green Extraction Technologies for Agar from <i>Gracilaria lemaneiformis</i>
title_full_unstemmed	Pretreatment Techniques and Green Extraction Technologies for Agar from <i>Gracilaria lemaneiformis</i>
title_sort	pretreatment techniques and green extraction technologies for agar from <i>gracilaria lemaneiformis</i>
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5e76aee679f8408caf884a278def180c
work_keys_str_mv	AT qiongxiao pretreatmenttechniquesandgreenextractiontechnologiesforagarfromigracilarialemaneiformisi AT xinyiwang pretreatmenttechniquesandgreenextractiontechnologiesforagarfromigracilarialemaneiformisi AT jiabinzhang pretreatmenttechniquesandgreenextractiontechnologiesforagarfromigracilarialemaneiformisi AT yonghuizhang pretreatmenttechniquesandgreenextractiontechnologiesforagarfromigracilarialemaneiformisi AT junchen pretreatmenttechniquesandgreenextractiontechnologiesforagarfromigracilarialemaneiformisi AT fuquanchen pretreatmenttechniquesandgreenextractiontechnologiesforagarfromigracilarialemaneiformisi AT anfengxiao pretreatmenttechniquesandgreenextractiontechnologiesforagarfromigracilarialemaneiformisi
_version_	1718411499680038912

Pretreatment Techniques and Green Extraction Technologies for Agar from <i>Gracilaria lemaneiformis</i>

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