Motor Preparation and Execution for Performance Difficulty: Centroparietal Beta Activation during the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task as a Function of Motivation

Debate exists as to the effects of anxiety in performance-based studies. However, no studies have examined the influence of motivation both in preparation of a motor movement and during movement performance. The present study measured beta activation in preparation for and during execution of the ef...

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Autores principales:	Ricardo A. Wilhelm, A. Hunter Threadgill, Philip A. Gable
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	beta activation motor preparation motivation Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5e7f3b6695da4a849aee27a62c024b25
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5e7f3b6695da4a849aee27a62c024b252021-11-25T16:57:30ZMotor Preparation and Execution for Performance Difficulty: Centroparietal Beta Activation during the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task as a Function of Motivation10.3390/brainsci111114422076-3425https://doaj.org/article/5e7f3b6695da4a849aee27a62c024b252021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/11/1442https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3425Debate exists as to the effects of anxiety in performance-based studies. However, no studies have examined the influence of motivation both in preparation of a motor movement and during movement performance. The present study measured beta activation in preparation for and during execution of the effort expenditure for rewards task (EEfRT), a button-pressing task consisting of easy and hard trials. Results indicated that motor preparation (i.e., reduced beta activation) was greater in preparation for hard trials than for easy trials. Additionally, motor preparation decreased (i.e., beta activation increased) over the course of hard trial execution. These results suggest that motor preparation is enhanced prior to more challenging tasks but that motor preparation declines as participants become closer to completing their goal in each challenging trial. These results provide insight into how beta activation facilitates effort expenditure for motor tasks varying in difficulty and motivation. The impact of these results on models of anxiety and performance is discussed.Ricardo A. WilhelmA. Hunter ThreadgillPhilip A. GableMDPI AGarticlebeta activationmotor preparationmotivationNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENBrain Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 1442, p 1442 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	beta activation motor preparation motivation Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	beta activation motor preparation motivation Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Ricardo A. Wilhelm A. Hunter Threadgill Philip A. Gable Motor Preparation and Execution for Performance Difficulty: Centroparietal Beta Activation during the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task as a Function of Motivation
description	Debate exists as to the effects of anxiety in performance-based studies. However, no studies have examined the influence of motivation both in preparation of a motor movement and during movement performance. The present study measured beta activation in preparation for and during execution of the effort expenditure for rewards task (EEfRT), a button-pressing task consisting of easy and hard trials. Results indicated that motor preparation (i.e., reduced beta activation) was greater in preparation for hard trials than for easy trials. Additionally, motor preparation decreased (i.e., beta activation increased) over the course of hard trial execution. These results suggest that motor preparation is enhanced prior to more challenging tasks but that motor preparation declines as participants become closer to completing their goal in each challenging trial. These results provide insight into how beta activation facilitates effort expenditure for motor tasks varying in difficulty and motivation. The impact of these results on models of anxiety and performance is discussed.
format	article
author	Ricardo A. Wilhelm A. Hunter Threadgill Philip A. Gable
author_facet	Ricardo A. Wilhelm A. Hunter Threadgill Philip A. Gable
author_sort	Ricardo A. Wilhelm
title	Motor Preparation and Execution for Performance Difficulty: Centroparietal Beta Activation during the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task as a Function of Motivation
title_short	Motor Preparation and Execution for Performance Difficulty: Centroparietal Beta Activation during the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task as a Function of Motivation
title_full	Motor Preparation and Execution for Performance Difficulty: Centroparietal Beta Activation during the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task as a Function of Motivation
title_fullStr	Motor Preparation and Execution for Performance Difficulty: Centroparietal Beta Activation during the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task as a Function of Motivation
title_full_unstemmed	Motor Preparation and Execution for Performance Difficulty: Centroparietal Beta Activation during the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task as a Function of Motivation
title_sort	motor preparation and execution for performance difficulty: centroparietal beta activation during the effort expenditure for rewards task as a function of motivation
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5e7f3b6695da4a849aee27a62c024b25
work_keys_str_mv	AT ricardoawilhelm motorpreparationandexecutionforperformancedifficultycentroparietalbetaactivationduringtheeffortexpenditureforrewardstaskasafunctionofmotivation AT ahunterthreadgill motorpreparationandexecutionforperformancedifficultycentroparietalbetaactivationduringtheeffortexpenditureforrewardstaskasafunctionofmotivation AT philipagable motorpreparationandexecutionforperformancedifficultycentroparietalbetaactivationduringtheeffortexpenditureforrewardstaskasafunctionofmotivation
_version_	1718412838280626176

Motor Preparation and Execution for Performance Difficulty: Centroparietal Beta Activation during the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task as a Function of Motivation

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