$Formation of amorphous silica nanoparticles and its impact on permeability of fractured granite in superhot geothermal environments$
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Formation of amorphous silica nanoparticles and its impact on permeability of fractured granite in superhot geothermal environments

Abstract Superhot geothermal environments in granitic crusts of approximately 400–500 °C are a frontier of geothermal energy. In the development of such environments, there is a concern of a reduction of permeability of fractured granite due to the formation of fine particles of amorphous silica ind...

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Autores principales:	Noriaki Watanabe, Hikaru Abe, Atsushi Okamoto, Kengo Nakamura, Takeshi Komai
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5eae04a4934848b3b0515838e3f4eeeb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5eae04a4934848b3b0515838e3f4eeeb2021-12-02T13:20:13ZFormation of amorphous silica nanoparticles and its impact on permeability of fractured granite in superhot geothermal environments10.1038/s41598-021-84744-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/5eae04a4934848b3b0515838e3f4eeeb2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84744-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Superhot geothermal environments in granitic crusts of approximately 400–500 °C are a frontier of geothermal energy. In the development of such environments, there is a concern of a reduction of permeability of fractured granite due to the formation of fine particles of amorphous silica induced by the phase change from subcritical water to supercritical water or superheated steam. However, the formation of silica particles and a resultant reduction in permeability have not been demonstrated to date. Therefore, experiments were conducted on the formation of amorphous silica particles with various combinations of temperature (430–500 °C) and pressure (20–30 MPa), in which the phase change of Si-containing water from liquid to either supercritical fluid or vapor was induced. Amorphous silica nanoparticles occurred under all conditions with smaller particles for higher temperature. The permeability of fractured granite was also observed to decrease significantly within several hours during injection of the particles into rock at 450 °C and 30 MPa under a confining stress of 40 MPa, with slower permeability reduction at a smaller number of particles or in the presence of larger aperture fractures. The present study suggests that the nanoparticles are likely to form and destroy the permeability in superhot geothermal environments, against which countermeasures should be investigated.Noriaki WatanabeHikaru AbeAtsushi OkamotoKengo NakamuraTakeshi KomaiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Noriaki Watanabe Hikaru Abe Atsushi Okamoto Kengo Nakamura Takeshi Komai Formation of amorphous silica nanoparticles and its impact on permeability of fractured granite in superhot geothermal environments
description	Abstract Superhot geothermal environments in granitic crusts of approximately 400–500 °C are a frontier of geothermal energy. In the development of such environments, there is a concern of a reduction of permeability of fractured granite due to the formation of fine particles of amorphous silica induced by the phase change from subcritical water to supercritical water or superheated steam. However, the formation of silica particles and a resultant reduction in permeability have not been demonstrated to date. Therefore, experiments were conducted on the formation of amorphous silica particles with various combinations of temperature (430–500 °C) and pressure (20–30 MPa), in which the phase change of Si-containing water from liquid to either supercritical fluid or vapor was induced. Amorphous silica nanoparticles occurred under all conditions with smaller particles for higher temperature. The permeability of fractured granite was also observed to decrease significantly within several hours during injection of the particles into rock at 450 °C and 30 MPa under a confining stress of 40 MPa, with slower permeability reduction at a smaller number of particles or in the presence of larger aperture fractures. The present study suggests that the nanoparticles are likely to form and destroy the permeability in superhot geothermal environments, against which countermeasures should be investigated.
format	article
author	Noriaki Watanabe Hikaru Abe Atsushi Okamoto Kengo Nakamura Takeshi Komai
author_facet	Noriaki Watanabe Hikaru Abe Atsushi Okamoto Kengo Nakamura Takeshi Komai
author_sort	Noriaki Watanabe
title	Formation of amorphous silica nanoparticles and its impact on permeability of fractured granite in superhot geothermal environments
title_short	Formation of amorphous silica nanoparticles and its impact on permeability of fractured granite in superhot geothermal environments
title_full	Formation of amorphous silica nanoparticles and its impact on permeability of fractured granite in superhot geothermal environments
title_fullStr	Formation of amorphous silica nanoparticles and its impact on permeability of fractured granite in superhot geothermal environments
title_full_unstemmed	Formation of amorphous silica nanoparticles and its impact on permeability of fractured granite in superhot geothermal environments
title_sort	formation of amorphous silica nanoparticles and its impact on permeability of fractured granite in superhot geothermal environments
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5eae04a4934848b3b0515838e3f4eeeb
work_keys_str_mv	AT noriakiwatanabe formationofamorphoussilicananoparticlesanditsimpactonpermeabilityoffracturedgraniteinsuperhotgeothermalenvironments AT hikaruabe formationofamorphoussilicananoparticlesanditsimpactonpermeabilityoffracturedgraniteinsuperhotgeothermalenvironments AT atsushiokamoto formationofamorphoussilicananoparticlesanditsimpactonpermeabilityoffracturedgraniteinsuperhotgeothermalenvironments AT kengonakamura formationofamorphoussilicananoparticlesanditsimpactonpermeabilityoffracturedgraniteinsuperhotgeothermalenvironments AT takeshikomai formationofamorphoussilicananoparticlesanditsimpactonpermeabilityoffracturedgraniteinsuperhotgeothermalenvironments
_version_	1718393213786521600

Formation of amorphous silica nanoparticles and its impact on permeability of fractured granite in superhot geothermal environments

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