Numerical Study of Powder Flow Nozzle for Laser-Assisted Metal Deposition

Metal additive manufacturing has received much attention in the past few decades, and it offers a variety of technologies for three-dimensional object production. One of such technologies, allowing large-sized object production, is laser-assisted metal deposition, the limits of which are determined...

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Autores principales:	Romuald Petkevič, Giedrius Jočbalis, Ada Steponavičiūtė, Karolis Stravinskas, Aleksej Romanov, Rimantas Kačianauskas, Sergejus Borodinas, Genrik Mordas
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	laser additive manufacturing metal deposition nozzle particle beam formation copper particles Mathematics QA1-939
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5eb9cf19d6314e11a6c56a3316b2e986
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:5eb9cf19d6314e11a6c56a3316b2e986
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5eb9cf19d6314e11a6c56a3316b2e9862021-11-25T18:17:09ZNumerical Study of Powder Flow Nozzle for Laser-Assisted Metal Deposition10.3390/math92229132227-7390https://doaj.org/article/5eb9cf19d6314e11a6c56a3316b2e9862021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/22/2913https://doaj.org/toc/2227-7390Metal additive manufacturing has received much attention in the past few decades, and it offers a variety of technologies for three-dimensional object production. One of such technologies, allowing large-sized object production, is laser-assisted metal deposition, the limits of which are determined by the capabilities of the positioning system. The already-existing nozzles have either a relatively low build rate or a poor resolution. The goal of this work is to develop a new nozzle with a centered particle beam at high velocity for the laser-assisted metal additive manufacturing technologies. Scientific challenges are addressed with regards to the fluid dynamics, the particle-substrate contact, and tracking of the thermodynamic state during contact. In this paper, two nozzles based on the de Laval geometry with Witoszynski and Bicubic curves of convergence zone were designed; the results showed that the average flow velocity in a Bicubic outlet curve nozzle is around 615 m/s and in Witoszynski this is 435 m/s. Investigation of particle beam formation for the Bicubic curve geometry revealed that small particles have the highest velocity and the lowest total force at the nozzle outlet. Fine particles have a shorter response time, and therefore, a smaller dispersion area. The elasto-plastic particle-surface contact showed that particles of diameter limited up to 3 μm are able to reach experimentally obtained critical velocity without additional heating. For particle sizes above 10 μm, additional heating is needed for deposition. The maximum coefficient of restitution (COR) is achieved with a particle size of 30 μm; smaller particles are characterized by the values of COR, which are lower due to a relatively high velocity. Particles larger than 30 μm are scalable, characterized by a small change in velocity and a rise in temperature as their mass increases.Romuald PetkevičGiedrius JočbalisAda SteponavičiūtėKarolis StravinskasAleksej RomanovRimantas KačianauskasSergejus BorodinasGenrik MordasMDPI AGarticlelaseradditive manufacturingmetal depositionnozzleparticle beam formationcopper particlesMathematicsQA1-939ENMathematics, Vol 9, Iss 2913, p 2913 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	laser additive manufacturing metal deposition nozzle particle beam formation copper particles Mathematics QA1-939
spellingShingle	laser additive manufacturing metal deposition nozzle particle beam formation copper particles Mathematics QA1-939 Romuald Petkevič Giedrius Jočbalis Ada Steponavičiūtė Karolis Stravinskas Aleksej Romanov Rimantas Kačianauskas Sergejus Borodinas Genrik Mordas Numerical Study of Powder Flow Nozzle for Laser-Assisted Metal Deposition
description	Metal additive manufacturing has received much attention in the past few decades, and it offers a variety of technologies for three-dimensional object production. One of such technologies, allowing large-sized object production, is laser-assisted metal deposition, the limits of which are determined by the capabilities of the positioning system. The already-existing nozzles have either a relatively low build rate or a poor resolution. The goal of this work is to develop a new nozzle with a centered particle beam at high velocity for the laser-assisted metal additive manufacturing technologies. Scientific challenges are addressed with regards to the fluid dynamics, the particle-substrate contact, and tracking of the thermodynamic state during contact. In this paper, two nozzles based on the de Laval geometry with Witoszynski and Bicubic curves of convergence zone were designed; the results showed that the average flow velocity in a Bicubic outlet curve nozzle is around 615 m/s and in Witoszynski this is 435 m/s. Investigation of particle beam formation for the Bicubic curve geometry revealed that small particles have the highest velocity and the lowest total force at the nozzle outlet. Fine particles have a shorter response time, and therefore, a smaller dispersion area. The elasto-plastic particle-surface contact showed that particles of diameter limited up to 3 μm are able to reach experimentally obtained critical velocity without additional heating. For particle sizes above 10 μm, additional heating is needed for deposition. The maximum coefficient of restitution (COR) is achieved with a particle size of 30 μm; smaller particles are characterized by the values of COR, which are lower due to a relatively high velocity. Particles larger than 30 μm are scalable, characterized by a small change in velocity and a rise in temperature as their mass increases.
format	article
author	Romuald Petkevič Giedrius Jočbalis Ada Steponavičiūtė Karolis Stravinskas Aleksej Romanov Rimantas Kačianauskas Sergejus Borodinas Genrik Mordas
author_facet	Romuald Petkevič Giedrius Jočbalis Ada Steponavičiūtė Karolis Stravinskas Aleksej Romanov Rimantas Kačianauskas Sergejus Borodinas Genrik Mordas
author_sort	Romuald Petkevič
title	Numerical Study of Powder Flow Nozzle for Laser-Assisted Metal Deposition
title_short	Numerical Study of Powder Flow Nozzle for Laser-Assisted Metal Deposition
title_full	Numerical Study of Powder Flow Nozzle for Laser-Assisted Metal Deposition
title_fullStr	Numerical Study of Powder Flow Nozzle for Laser-Assisted Metal Deposition
title_full_unstemmed	Numerical Study of Powder Flow Nozzle for Laser-Assisted Metal Deposition
title_sort	numerical study of powder flow nozzle for laser-assisted metal deposition
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5eb9cf19d6314e11a6c56a3316b2e986
work_keys_str_mv	AT romualdpetkevic numericalstudyofpowderflownozzleforlaserassistedmetaldeposition AT giedriusjocbalis numericalstudyofpowderflownozzleforlaserassistedmetaldeposition AT adasteponaviciute numericalstudyofpowderflownozzleforlaserassistedmetaldeposition AT karolisstravinskas numericalstudyofpowderflownozzleforlaserassistedmetaldeposition AT aleksejromanov numericalstudyofpowderflownozzleforlaserassistedmetaldeposition AT rimantaskacianauskas numericalstudyofpowderflownozzleforlaserassistedmetaldeposition AT sergejusborodinas numericalstudyofpowderflownozzleforlaserassistedmetaldeposition AT genrikmordas numericalstudyofpowderflownozzleforlaserassistedmetaldeposition
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Numerical Study of Powder Flow Nozzle for Laser-Assisted Metal Deposition

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