Spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of typical temperate glaciers in China

Abstract China’s temperate glaciers have a relatively warm and humid climate and hydrothermal conditions at low latitudes. Temperate glaciers, however, have larger ablation, higher ice temperatures, relatively fast movement speeds, and a significant sliding process at the bottom. As a result, these...

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Autores principales:	Wang Shijin, Che Yanjun, Wei Yanqiang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/5ec40c9429614a31831e04c2675737e8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:5ec40c9429614a31831e04c2675737e82021-12-02T14:12:41ZSpatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of typical temperate glaciers in China10.1038/s41598-020-80418-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/5ec40c9429614a31831e04c2675737e82021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80418-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract China’s temperate glaciers have a relatively warm and humid climate and hydrothermal conditions at low latitudes. Temperate glaciers, however, have larger ablation, higher ice temperatures, relatively fast movement speeds, and a significant sliding process at the bottom. As a result, these glaciers are more significantly affected by climate change. On the basis of topographic maps, aerial photography, and Landsat OLI images, and combined with existing research results, this paper systematically analyzed the temporal and spatial dynamic characteristics of typical temperate glaciers. The results are as follows: (1) From the 1950s to the 1970s, compared with other types of glaciers, temperate glaciers showed strong retreat and ablation trends in terms of area, length, speed, and mass balance. (2) The reduction rates of glacier areas of Kangri Garpo, Dagu Snow Mountain, Yulong Snow Mountain (YSM), and Meili Snow Mountain (MSM) in China’s temperate glacier areas all exceeded 38%, which was far above the national average of 18% from the 1950s to the 2010s. (3) The recent length retreat rates of Azha Glacier, Kangri Garpo, and Mingyong Glacier, MSM, Hailuogou Glacier (HG), Gongga Snow Mountain (GSM), and Baishui River Glacier No. 1 (BRGN1), YSM were above 22 m/a, which was faster than the retreat rates of other regions. (4) Consistent with glacier retreat, temperate glaciers also had a faster ice flow speed. The ice flow velocities of the BGN1, HG, Parlung River Glaciers No. 4 and 94, and Nyainqêntanglha were, respectively, 6.33–30.78 m/a, 41–205 m/a, 15.1–86.3 m/a, and 7.5–18.4 m/a, which was much faster than the velocity of other types of glaciers. (5) Mass loss of temperate glaciers was most dramatic during the observation period (1959–2015). The annual mass balance from eight typical temperate glaciers fluctuated between − 2.48 and 0.44 m w.e., and the annual average change rate of mass balance (− 0.037 m w.e./a) was much higher than that in China (− 0.015 m w.e./a, p < 0.0001) and globally (− 0.013 m w.e./a, p < 0.0001).Wang ShijinChe YanjunWei YanqiangNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Wang Shijin Che Yanjun Wei Yanqiang Spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of typical temperate glaciers in China
description	Abstract China’s temperate glaciers have a relatively warm and humid climate and hydrothermal conditions at low latitudes. Temperate glaciers, however, have larger ablation, higher ice temperatures, relatively fast movement speeds, and a significant sliding process at the bottom. As a result, these glaciers are more significantly affected by climate change. On the basis of topographic maps, aerial photography, and Landsat OLI images, and combined with existing research results, this paper systematically analyzed the temporal and spatial dynamic characteristics of typical temperate glaciers. The results are as follows: (1) From the 1950s to the 1970s, compared with other types of glaciers, temperate glaciers showed strong retreat and ablation trends in terms of area, length, speed, and mass balance. (2) The reduction rates of glacier areas of Kangri Garpo, Dagu Snow Mountain, Yulong Snow Mountain (YSM), and Meili Snow Mountain (MSM) in China’s temperate glacier areas all exceeded 38%, which was far above the national average of 18% from the 1950s to the 2010s. (3) The recent length retreat rates of Azha Glacier, Kangri Garpo, and Mingyong Glacier, MSM, Hailuogou Glacier (HG), Gongga Snow Mountain (GSM), and Baishui River Glacier No. 1 (BRGN1), YSM were above 22 m/a, which was faster than the retreat rates of other regions. (4) Consistent with glacier retreat, temperate glaciers also had a faster ice flow speed. The ice flow velocities of the BGN1, HG, Parlung River Glaciers No. 4 and 94, and Nyainqêntanglha were, respectively, 6.33–30.78 m/a, 41–205 m/a, 15.1–86.3 m/a, and 7.5–18.4 m/a, which was much faster than the velocity of other types of glaciers. (5) Mass loss of temperate glaciers was most dramatic during the observation period (1959–2015). The annual mass balance from eight typical temperate glaciers fluctuated between − 2.48 and 0.44 m w.e., and the annual average change rate of mass balance (− 0.037 m w.e./a) was much higher than that in China (− 0.015 m w.e./a, p < 0.0001) and globally (− 0.013 m w.e./a, p < 0.0001).
format	article
author	Wang Shijin Che Yanjun Wei Yanqiang
author_facet	Wang Shijin Che Yanjun Wei Yanqiang
author_sort	Wang Shijin
title	Spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of typical temperate glaciers in China
title_short	Spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of typical temperate glaciers in China
title_full	Spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of typical temperate glaciers in China
title_fullStr	Spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of typical temperate glaciers in China
title_full_unstemmed	Spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of typical temperate glaciers in China
title_sort	spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of typical temperate glaciers in china
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/5ec40c9429614a31831e04c2675737e8
work_keys_str_mv	AT wangshijin spatiotemporaldynamiccharacteristicsoftypicaltemperateglaciersinchina AT cheyanjun spatiotemporaldynamiccharacteristicsoftypicaltemperateglaciersinchina AT weiyanqiang spatiotemporaldynamiccharacteristicsoftypicaltemperateglaciersinchina
_version_	1718391785259008000

Spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of typical temperate glaciers in China

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